Spinal Ex 3 Wk 2 Flashcards
(40 cards)
What are the possible locations of pseudounipolar neurons?
any sensory ganglion other than those of the eighth cranial nerve
Where is the primary sensory neuron of a typical sensory pathway located?
in a sensory ganglion
What is the morphology of most motor or efferent neurons associated with the peripheral nerve system?
multipolar
What are the three classifications of sensory receptor endings?
functional specificity, distribution-function, and structure or morphology
What do blood chemoreceptors monitor?
hypoxia (decreased oxygen levels), hypercapnia (increased carbon dioxide levels) and elevated hydrogen ions (blood pH)
What do blood baroreceptors monitor?
They monitor blood pressure by evaluating stretch or tension along the length of the receptor ending
What are the types and examples of exteroceptors?
A) general or cutaneous sense organs such as free nerve endings, encapsulated endings and epidermal endings
B) Special sense receptors for olfaction, vision, hearing, and taste
What are the examples of proprioceptors?
Golgi tendon organs, neuromuscular spindles, Pacinian corpuscles, inner ear receptors for equilibrium and specialized receptors in joints
Where will the interoceptors be located?
in viscera, glands, and blood vessels
Which type of encapsulated nerve ending is sensitive to vibration?
Lamellated corpuscles or Pacinian corpuscles
Contrast the sensory ganglion with the motor ganglion.
Sensory ganglion contain primary sensory neuron cell bodies and lack synapses; motor ganglia contain secondary motor neuron cell bodies and always demonstrate synapses.
What are the parts of a primary sensory neuron?
Sensory receptor ending, peripheral sensory process, perikaryon, central sensory process, synaptic ending.
Muscles derived from somites are innervated by which cranial nerves?
Cranial nerve III (oculomotor nerve)
cranial nerve IV (trochlear nerve)
cranial nerve VI (abducens nerve)
cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal nerve)
Muscles derived from the briachial or pharyngeal arches are innervated by which cranial nerves?
Cranial nerve V (trigeminal nerve)
cranial nerve VII (facial nerve)
cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal nerve)
cranial nerve X (vagus nerve)
cranial nerve XI (spinal accessory nerve)
What peripheral nerves contain visceral efferent pathways at their origin?
Cranial nerves III (oculomotor) cranial nerve VII (facial nerve) cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal nerve) cranial nerve X (vagus nerve) spinal nerves T1-T12, L1, L2 and S2-S4
What are the ultimate target cells of the visceral efferent pathways?
Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glandular tissue, and some unique specialized cell types.
What is the basic way of describing the motor pathways to visceral muscle based on the number of neurons associated with the pathway?
two motor neuron pathways
What is the location for the secondary sympathetic efferent neuron cell body?
a prevertebral ganglion or paravertebral ganglion
what is the comparative length of the axons associated with the sympathetic efferent pathway?
preganglionic sympathetic efferent fibers are relatively short; postganglionic sympathetic efferent fibers are relatively long
What is the name given to and neuroactive substance associated with postganglionic parasympathetic efferent fibers?
Cholinergic fibers, acetylcholine
What is the name given to the location of a cranial nerve as it exits the central nervous system?
Apparent origin
What types of efferent neurons form nuclei of origin in the brain?
somatic neurons, branchial neurons, and primary parasympathetic neurons
Will sympathetic efferent neurons be located in the brain?
No
What are the four classifications of afferent neurons?
somatic afferent, visceral afferent, special visceral afferent, and special sensory
