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neurology FA > spinal nerves / spinal cord > Flashcards

spinal nerves / spinal cord Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

spinal nerves - number

A

31 pairs

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2
Q

spinal nerves - number and type

A 
31 pais 
8 cervical
12 thoracic 
5 lumbar 
5 sacral
1 coccygeal
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3
Q

spinal nerves - names

A

C1 - C7 exit above the corresponding vertebra

C8 spinal nerve exit below

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4
Q

C3 exits….(area)

L2 exits….(area)

A

C3: above the 3rd cervical vertebra
L2: below the 2nd lumbar vertebra

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5
Q

vertebra disc hernitation?

A

nucleus polposus (soft central disc) herniates through annulus fibrosus (outer ring)

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6
Q

vertebra disc hernitation - direction

A

usually posterolaterally

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7
Q

vertebra disc hernitation - area

A

MC at L4-L5 or L5-S1

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8
Q

in adults, spinal cords extent to …

A

lower border of L1-L2

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9
Q

subarachnoid space (spinal cord) extends to

A

lower border of S2

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10
Q

lumbar puncture is usually performed between

A

L3-L4

L4-L5

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11
Q

caudal equina level

A

L3-L5

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12
Q

goal of lumbar puncture

A

obtain sample of CSF without damaging spinal cord

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13
Q

spinal cord tracts?

A
  1. dorsal column
  2. lateral spinothalamic
  3. anterior spinothalamic
  4. lateral corticospinal tract
  5. anterior corticospinal tract
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14
Q

spinal cord ascending tracts

A
  1. dorsal column
  2. lateral spinothalamic
  3. anterior spinothalamic
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15
Q

spinal cord descending tracts

A
  1. lateral corticospinal tract

2. anterior corticospinal tract

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16
Q

spinal cord - dorsal column transfers

A
  1. pressure
  2. vibration
  3. fine touch
  4. propioception
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17
Q

spinal cord axon fibers in dorsal column are divided to (and location)

A
  1. fasciculus gracilis –> medial

2. fasciculus cuneatus –> lateral

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18
Q

spinal cord - dorsal column - fasciculus gracilis vs fasciculus cuneatus according function

A
  1. fasciculus gracilis –> lower body, legs

2. fasciculus cuneatus –> upper body, arms

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19
Q

spinal cord - dorsal column - distribution of spinal cord segments - medial to lateral

A

fasciculus gracilis: sacral lumbar to middle thoracic

fasciculus cuneatus: thoracic cervical to cervical

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20
Q

spinal cord - lateral spinothalamic tract transfers

A

pain

temperature

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21
Q

spinal cord - lateral corticospinal tract - distribution of spinal cord segments - medial to lateral

A

cervical to sacral

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22
Q

spinal cord - anterior spinothalamic tract transfers

A 
crude touch (απροσδιόριστη) 
pressure
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23
Q

distribution of spinal cord segments - medial to lateral - lateral corticospinal tract vs dorsal column

A

lateral corticospinal tract –> cervical to sacral

dorsal column –> sacral to cervical

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24
Q

spinal cord descending tracts

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. lateral corticospinal tract

2. anterior corticospinal tract

25
spinal cord - lateral corticospinal tract - function
voluntary motor
26
spinal cord - anterior corticospinal tract - function
voluntary motor
27
spinal cord - lateral corticospinal tract - distribution of spinal cord segments - medial to lateral
cervical - sacral
28
spinal cord - ascending tracts - correlation between cross and synapse
ascending tracts synapse and then cross
29
spinal cord - dorsal column transfers
1. pressure 2. vibration 3. fine touch 4. propioception
30
spinal cord - dorsal column direction
1st neuron: sensory ending --> cell body in dorsal root ganglion --> enter spinal cord, ascend ipsilaterally in dorsal column --> 1st synapse to ipsilateral nucleus cuneatus or gracilis (medulla) -->2nd neuron: decussates in medulla --> ascends contralaterally in medial lemniscus --> 2nd synpase on VPL of thalamus --> 3rd neuron: sensory cortex
31
spinal cord - dorsal column - 1st neuron
sensory nerve endings
32
spinal cord - dorsal column - 1st neuron synapse to
ipsilateral nucleus cuneatus or gracilis (medulla)
33
spinal cord - dorsal column - 2nd neuron direction
decussates in medulla --> ascends contralaterally in medial lemniscus
34
spinal cord - dorsal column - synapse on thalamus - nulceus
Ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL)
35
spinal cord - spinothalamic tract transfers
lateral: pain, temperature anterior: crude touch, pressure
36
spinal cord - spinothalamic tract - direction
1st neuron: sensory nerve ending (Αδ and C fibers) --> cell body in dorsal root ganglion --> enters spinal cord --> synapse 1: ipsilateral gray matter (posterior horn) --> 2nd neuron: decussates at anterior white commissure --> ascends contralaterally --> synapse 2 on ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) of thalamus --> 3rs neron to sensory cortex
37
spinal cord - descending tracts? and function
1. lateral corticospinal tract 2. anterior corticospinal tract VOLUNTARY MOTOR
38
spinal cord - lateral corticospinal tract - direction
upper motor neuron: cell body in 1ry motor cortex --> descends ipsilaterally, through internal capsule, most fibers decussate at caudal medulla (pyramidal decussation) --> descents contralaterally --> synapse at cell body of anterior horn --> lower motor neuron: leaves spinal cord and synapse (2) at NMJ
39
dorsal column synapses on thalamus - nucleus?
Ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL)
40
spinoathalamic tract synapse on thalamus - nucleus?
Ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL)
41
lateral corticospinal tract - decussation?
most fibers decussate at caudal medulla (pyramidal decussation)
42
dorsal column tract - decussation?
in medulla
43
motor neuron - weakness - UMN vs LMN lesion?
both
44
motor neuron - atrophy - UMN vs LMN lesion?
LMN
45
motor neuron - fasciculations - UMN vs LMN lesion?
LMN
46
motor neuron - reflexes - UMN vs LMN lesion?
increase in UMN lesion | decrease in LMN lesion
47
motor neuron - tone - UMN vs LMN lesion?
increase in UMN lesion | decrease in LMN lesion
48
motor neuron - Babinski - UMN vs LMN lesion?
UMN (+) | LMN (-)
49
motor neuron - spastic paralysis - UMN vs LMN lesion?
UMN
50
motor neuron - flaccid paralysis - UMN vs LMN lesion?
LMN
51
motor neuron - clasp knife spasticity - UMN vs LMN lesion?
UMN
52
fasciculations?
muscle twitching
53
postitive Babinski is normal in
infants
54
muscle tone?
muscle's resistance to passive stretch during resting state
55
clasp knife spasticity
the resistance of an affected muscle is not the same throughout the range of movement, but tends to be most marked when passive movement is initiated and then diminishes as the movement continues (ΣΟΥΓΙΑΣ)
56
spasticity?
increase in tone
57
flaccidity
hypotonia
58
types of hypertonia
1. spasticity | 2. rigitity
59
rigitity?
consists of increased resistance to passive movement that is independent of the direction of the movement

neurology FA (31 decks)

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