1
Q
Cervical Flexion: Goniometer
A
- Range: 0-(45-60)
- Position: sitting, line between ear lobe and base nostrils parallel to floor
- Stabilize: none
- Axis: ear lobe
- Stationary arm: perpendicular to floor
- Moving arm: base of nostrils
2
Q
Cervical Extension: Goniometer
A
- Range: 0-(60-80)
- Position: sitting, line between ear lobe and base nostrils parallel to floor
- Stabilize: none
- Axis: ear lobe
- Stationary arm: perpendicular to floor
- Moving arm: base of nostrils
3
Q
Cervical Rotation: Goniometer
A
- Range: 0- (50-70)
- Position: sitting, measurement occurs from top of pt’s head
- Stabilize: none
- Axis: top/middle of head
- Stationary arm: parallel to acromion processes
- Moving arm: parallel to line of nose
4
Q
Cervical Lateral Flexion/Sidebend: Goniometer
A
- Range: 0-(25-50)
- Position: sitting, DO NOT allow elevation of shoulders
- Stabilize: none
- Axis: C7 spinous process
- Stationary arm: perpendicular to floor
- Moving arm: posterior midline of skull
5
Q
Cervical Flexion: Tape
A
- Position: sitting erect
- Stabilize: none
- Alignment: tip of mandible (0 cm) to sternal notch
- Initial measurement: look straight ahead
- Final measurement: flex cervical spine
- Documentation: final – initial (in cm)
* *If pt able to touch chin to chest, full ROM indicated-no further measurement*
6
Q
Cervical Extension: Tape
A
- Position: sitting erect
- Stabilize: none
- Alignment: tip of mandible (0 cm) to sternal notch
- Initial measurement: look straight ahead
- Final measurement: ext cervical spine
- Documentation: final – initial (in cm)
7
Q
Cervical Rotation: Tape
A
- Position: sitting
- Motion: cervical rotation; DO NOT rotate trunk; NO lateral flexion, flex/ext
- Alignment: tip of mandible (0 cm) to lateral tip of acromion process
- Initial measurement: look straight ahead
- Final measurement: rotation toward side tape measure
- Documentation: final – initial (in cm)
8
Q
Cervical Lateral Flexion/Sidebend: Tape
A
- Position: sitting
- Motion: ear to shoulder; DO NOT elevate shoulder; NO rotation, flex/ext
- Alignment: tip of mastoid process (0 cm) to lateral tip of acromion process
- Initial measurement: look straight ahead
- Final measurement: lateral flexion
- Documentation: final – initial (in cm)
9
Q
Cervical Flexion: Inclinometer
A
- Range: 0 – (45-60) degrees
- Position: sitting, inclinometers 0 degrees when on pt
- Inferior: spinous process of T1
- Superior: vertex of skull (1/2 distance b/t “bridge nose” and inion)
- Documentation: superior landmark – inferior landmark
10
Q
Cervical Extension: Inclinometer
A
- Range: 0 – (60-80) degrees
- Position: sitting, inclinometers 0 degrees when on pt
- Inferior: spinous process of T1
- Superior: vertex of skull (1/2 distance b/t “bridge nose” and inion)
- Documentation: superior landmark – inferior landmark
11
Q
Cervical Rotation: Inclinometer
A
- Range: 0 –(50-70) degrees
- Position: supine, head slightly over end of table, nose point to ceiling, inclinometer 0 degrees when on pt
- Inclinometer: base of forehead, above eyebrows, hold in place as pt rotates head
- Documentation: end measurement on inclinometer
12
Q
Cervical Lateral Flexion/Sidebend: Inclinometer
A
- Range: 0 –(25-50) degrees
- Position: sitting, inclinometers 0 degrees when on pt, faces inclinometer posterior
- Inferior: spinous process of T1
- Superior: vertex of skull (1/2 distance b/t “bridge nose” and inion)
- Documentation: superior landmark – inferior landmark
13
Q
Spine Flexion: Goniometer
A
- Range: 0- (80-110)
- Position: standing, feet shoulder width apart, knees extended
- Stabilize: none
- Axis: mid-axillary line at level of lowest rib
- Stationary arm: vertical to floor
- Moving arm: mid-axillary line
14
Q
Spine Extension: Goniometer
A
- Range: 0-(30-45)
- Position: standing, feet shoulder width apart, knees extended, arms crossed across chest
- Stabilize: none
- Axis: mid-axillary line at level of lowest rib
- Stationary arm: vertical to floor
- Moving arm: mid-axillary line
15
Q
Thoraco-Lumbar Lateral Flexion/Sidebend: Goniometer
A
- Range: 0-(30-45)
- Position: standing, feet shoulder width apart, knees extended
- Movement: no flexion/extension or rotation
- Axis: spinous process of S1
- Stationary arm: vertical to floor
- Moving arm: spinous process of C7
16
Q
Lumbar Flexion: Tape
A
- Position: standing, feet shoulder width apart, knees extended
- Stabilize: none
- Alignment: midline of spine in line with PSIS (0 cm) to 15 cm above base line landmark
- Technique: hold firmly against skin, keep superior landmark – allow tape measure to expand
- Documentation: final – initial (15 cm) (in cm)
17
Q
Thoarco-Lumbar Flexion: Tape
A
- Position: standing, feet shoulder width apart, knees extended
- Stabilize: none
- Alignment: midline of spine in line with PSIS (0 cm) to C7 spinous process
- Technique: hold firmly against skin, keep superior landmark – allow tape measure to expand
- Documentation: final – initial (in cm)
18
Q
Lumbar Extension: Tape
A
- Position: standing, feet shoulder width apart, hands on hips, knees extended
- Stabilize: none
- Alignment: midline of spine in line with PSIS (0 cm) to 15 cm above base line landmark
- Technique: hold firmly against skin, keep superior landmark – allow tape measure to retract
- Documentation: initial (15 cm) – final (in cm)
19
Q
Thoraco-Lumbar Rotation: Tape
A
- Position: sitting erect, arms crossed and hands on opposite shoulders
- Motion: lumbar rotation; NO lateral flexion, flex/ext
- Alignment: lateral tip of acromion (0 cm) to contralateral greater trochanter, on pt back
- Initial measurement: look straight ahead, pt can help hold tape measure
- Final measurement: rotation, allow tape to expand
- Documentation: final – initial (in cm)
20
Q
Thoraco-Lumbar Lateral Flexion/Sidebend: Tape
A
- Position: standing, feet shoulder width apart, palm on thigh, knees extended
- Motion: run hand down side of leg, NO flexion/extension or rotation
- Alignment: tip of middle finger standing erect (0 cm) to tip of middle finger when sidebent
- Documentation: final – initial (in cm)
21
Q
Lumbar Flexion: Inclinometer
A
- Position: standing, feet shoulder width apart, knees extended
- Inferior: midline of spine in line with PSIS
- Superior: 15 cm above base line landmark
- Documentation: superior landmark – inferior landmark
22
Q
Lumbar Extension: Inclinometer
A
- Position: standing, feet shoulder width apart, knees extended, hands on hips
- Inferior: midline of spine in line with PSIS
- Superior: 15 cm above base line landmark
- Documentation: superior landmark – inferior landmark
23
Q
Thoracic Rotation: Inclinometer
A
- Position: standing, feet shoulder width apart, flex until thoracic spine is parallel to floor, ask pt to rotate trunk
- Inferior Landmark: spinous process of T12
- Superior Landmark: spinous process of T1
- Documentation: reading at T1 – reading at T12
24
Q
Lumbar Lateral Flexion/Sidebend: Inclinometer
A
- Position: standing, feet shoulder width apart, arms at sides, knees extended
- Inferior: midline of spine in line with PSIS
- Superior: 15 cm above base line landmark
- Hold inclinometers against skin!
- Documentation: superior landmark – inferior landmark
