States & Particles Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is a solubility?
The maximum mass that can be dissolved into 100g of water
What does a solubility curve show?
How solubility changes with temperature
Definition of solution
A mixture of solute particles dissolved in a solvent
Definition of saturated
Solution with maximum amount of solute dissolved
Separation techniques
crystallisation, filtration, chromatography, distillation
What is filtration?
separates mixture of solid & liquid
What is crystallisation?
separates a solid from a solution by boiling off most solvent then leaving the rest to evaporate
What is chromatography?
separates dissolved substances from one another because each moves along a piece of paper at different rates according to its solubility in the solvent
How to calculate Rf value?
distance moved by spot / distance moved by solvent
What is distillation?
separate solvent from solution/ liquid from mixture of liquids with different boiling points
Process of solid to liquid
melting
Process of liquid to gas
boiling
Process of solid to gas
subliming
Process of gas to liquid
condensing
Process of liquid to solid
freezing
Process of gas to solid
subliming
How does a gas move?
straight lines until collision
How to test for temperature affecting diffusion?
-Get a beaker of cold & hot water
-Put potassium permanganate into both
-Will diffuse quicker in hot water because particles have more kinetic energy
How to test for diffusion in gas?
-Put HCL on wool and put on end of test tube, put ammonia on wool and put other end
-ammonium chloride will form closer to HCL because ammonia is lighter & faster
-HCL(g) + NH3 = NH4CL(s)
What is a solid?
Particles are very close together (strong forces between particles), regular arrangement, particles have little energy (only vibrate on spot), can’t be compressed
What is a liquid?
Particles are very close together (forces between particles), random arrangement, particles have more energy & move around each other, can’t be compressed
What is a gas?
Particles are very far apart (no forces between particles), random arrangement, particles have lots of energy & move fast, can be compressed
What is diffusion?
Spreading out of particles in a gas or liquid from area of high concentration to low concentration, particles in gas/liquid are free to move which is why they diffuse
What is a solvent?
Liquid used to dissolve things
