Stimulant Supplements

Question 1

Give 2 effects of stimulants

Answer 1

• Change in mental function and behaviour (increase alertness)
• Production of excitement/euphoria
• Reduce sensation of fatigue
• Increase motor activity

Question 2

State 2 legal stimulants

Answer 2

Caffeine
Guarana
Yerba Mate
Ma Huang/Ephedra
Ginseng

Question 3

State 2 illegal stimulants

Answer 3

Cocaine
Ephedrine
Amphetamines

Question 4

What is the half life of caffeine

Answer 4

5 hours

Question 5

What is the maximum dose of caffeine

Answer 5

6mg/kg/BW

Question 6

What does caffeine antagonise

Answer 6

cerebral adenosine receptors

Question 7

Where is caffeine detoxified for excretion

Answer 7

The liver

Question 8

Give 2 factors which could affect caffeine impact

Answer 8

Hepatic dysfunction
Habituation
Dose

Question 9

True or False: Caffeine increases lipolysis

Answer 9

True

Question 10

How does caffeine increase the force of muscular contraction

Answer 10

By causing a release of Ca2+ from the SR, which binds to troponin, allowing cross-bridge formation

Question 11

What are the central effects of caffeine

Answer 11

Increases norepinephrine/epinephrine

Question 12

When caffeine increases norepinephrine/epinephrine, what does this increase?

Answer 12

Fat oxidation- CHO sparing

Question 13

How does caffeine increase altertness

Answer 13

The adenosine receptors it targets cause sonambulance/decreased alertness, so by blocking these alertness is increased.

Question 14

Give 3 examples of food/drink which contain caffeine

Answer 14

Coffee
Tea
Cola/Energy drinks
Chocolate

Question 15

What is the precursor of caffeine that dark chocolate contains?

Answer 15

Theobromine

Question 16

Which extracellular ion does Caffeine lower? and how?

Answer 16

Potassium - Na/K pump

Question 17

How does caffeine affect blood pressure

Answer 17

Blood pressure also increased with caffeine due to the stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 18

How does caffeine effect RER

Answer 18

No effect

Question 19

How does caffeine effect fat oxidation

Answer 19

despite the elevated lipolysis, no fat oxidation occurred above normal levels (but may be some effects at lower intensities

Question 20

How does caffeine extend time to exhaustion

Answer 20

prolonging the maximal lactate steady state concentration until fatigue. It also reduced rate of perceived exertion

Question 21

Jeukendrup 2008 showed combined caffeine and glucose supplementation decreased fat oxidation, and increased CHO utilisation (from liver or exogenous). How was lipolysis effected

Answer 21

no effects of lipolysis due to the CHO introduction

Question 22

Jeukendrup 2008 showed combined caffeine and glucose supplementation decreased fat oxidation, and increased CHO utilisation (from liver or exogenous). How was performance effected

Answer 22

There was an improved performance, by a quicker time trial with caffeine consumption.

Question 23

True or false: Caffeine is a diuretic

Answer 23

False

Question 24

How does caffeine improve concentration

Answer 24

• Keeping you awake
• Giving you a clear mind
• Increasing energy
• Increasing alertness

Question 25

True or false: caffeine is effective for both single and multiple sprints

Answer 25

False- no effect on single sprints

Question 26

State the fastest method of caffeine delivery

Answer 26

Caffeine gum

Question 27

Give 2 positive effects of caffeine gum

Answer 27

Faster method of delivery and no GI side effects/co-ingestion required. Improved performance.

Question 28

Give 3 side effects of caffeine

Answer 28

``` • Poor sleep quality (if taken later in the day due to half life) o Harder to get to sleep o Decreased drowsiness o Poorer actual quality • Anxiety • Tachycardia • Blurred Vision ```

Question 29

Describe | Peripheral Nerve and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Answer 29

extensor | Different areas of the cortex effect different portions of the body.

Question 30

What does an EMG test show

Answer 30

the membrane potential of motor units

Question 31

What does MEP amplitude show

Answer 31

the excitability of the muscle.

Question 32

What does a twitch in torque show

Answer 32

reduced voluntary action. Whereas no twitch = 100% voluntary action.

Question 33

What can MEPs show during MVC

Answer 33

determine central fatigue.

Question 34

Bowtell 2018 showed caffeine affected muscle pH- how?

Answer 34

Muscle pH was lower with caffeine

Question 35

Bowtell 2018 showed there was increased voluntary activation both pre and post exercise- what does this show

Answer 35

caffeine reduces central fatigue

Question 36

How did a berocca drink affect RPE

Answer 36

decreased RPE significantly during exercise