Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Reproduction > STIs > Flashcards

STIs Flashcards

(79 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what is the most common bacterial STI

A

chlamydia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how many people with chlaymdia dont have symptoms

A

70-80% of women asymptomatic

50% of men asymptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what type of bacteria is chlamydia

A

gram negative olbigate intracellular bacterium

cell wall lack peptigoglycan so cant be seen on gram stain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how is chlamydia transmitted

A

vaginal, oral or anal sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

which age group has the highest incidence of chlamydia

A

20-24 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how many women with chlamydia develop PID

A

9%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does PID increase the risk of

A

ectopic pregnancies x 10

tubal factor infertility 15-20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the patterns of pathogenesis of chlamydia

A

Mucosal epithelial cells are primary target, replicates within vacuole in cytoplasm of host cell

Some can naturally clear their infection (good TH1 and gamma interferon response), some have abnormal host immune response which confers damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the presentation of chlamydia in females

A

Post coital or intermenstrual bleeding
Lower abdominal pain
Dyspareunia
Mucopurulent cervicitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what should dyspareunia and mucopurulent cervicitis in chlamydia make you worried about

A

upper pelvic infection/ inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what do a lot of women think irregular bleeding is due to

A

poor pill taking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the presentation of chlamydia in males

A 
Urethral discharge
Dysuria
Urethritis
Epididymo-orchitis
Proctitis (LGV) (inflammation of anus and lining of rectum)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the possible complications of

A

PID - ectopic pregnancy, tubular infertility
conjunctivitis
chronic pelvic pain
transmission to neonate: 17% conjunctivitis, 20% pneumonia
reiters syndrome
fitz hugh curtis syndrome (piano string adhesions between liver and diaphragm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

should you test women with vaginal discharge for chlamydia

A

no- not a good predictor of chlamydia more likely to be candida or BV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

is reinfection with chlamydia common

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is LGV

A

lymphogranuloma vereneum

serovar of chlamydia trachomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how is lGV spread

A

via unprotected anal sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the symptoms of a LGV infection

A

rectal pain, discharge and bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is there a high risk of in LGV

A

concurrent STIs, 67% have HIV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how is chlamydia diagnosed

A

test 14 days following exposure
NAAT- females self taken vulvovaginal swab, males self taken first void urine
(combined test for chlamydia and gonorrhoea)

MSM - add rectal swab if has receptive anal intercourse (risk missing 1/4 of all infections if dont do this)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the treatment for chlamydia

A

1st line- Doxycycline 100mg BD x 1 week

2nd line- Azithromycin 1G stat followed by 500 mg daily for 2 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is mycoplasma genitalium associated with

A

non gonococcal urethritis and PID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the signs of someone carrying mycoplasma genitalium

A

asymptomatic carriage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what test for mycoplasma genitalium

A

NAAT test but in viral medium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what type of bacteria is gonorrhoea
gram -ve intracellular diplococcus
26
what are the primary sites of dipolococcus infection
mucous membranes of urethra, endocervix, rectum and pharynx
27
what is the incubation period of urethral gonorrhoea infection
2-5 days
28
which gender transmission is highets risk in gonorrhoea
from male to female
29
what is the presentation of gonorrhoea in males
asymptomatic = 10% urethral discharge >80% dysuria pharyngeal/ rectal infections are mostly asymptomatic - do swab
30
what is the presentation of gonorrhoea in females
up to 50% asymptomatic increased/ altered vaginal discharge (40%) dysuria pelvic pain (<5%) pharyngeal and rectal infection usually asymptomatic
31
what are the possible complications of gonorrhoea
lower genital tract: - bartholinitis - tysonitis - periurethrial abscess - rectal abscess - epididymitis - urethral stricture upper genital tract - endometritis - PID - hydrosalpinx - infertility - ectopic pregnancy - prostatitis
32
how is a diagnosis of gonorrhoea made
NAATS screening test mciroscopy if symptomatic (urethral more sensitive than endocervical) culture (in micro + or contact of GC) (urethral more sensitive than endocervical) to get antibiotic sensitivities
33
what does gonorrhoea look like on microscopy
kidney shaped pairs in cells
34
what is the treatment for gonorrhoea
1st line- ceftriaxone 1g IM 2nd line- ceftixime 400 mg oral and azithromycin 2g oral test of cure in all patients- swab sites that were infected
35
what are the difference between primary and non primary first infection genital herpes infection
Primary- never been exposed before, have no antibodies, big symptomatic episode Non primary first episodes- have been exposed, have antibodies but this is first episode of symptoms
36
what is the incubation period for primary infection of genital herpes
3-6 days
37
what is the duration of a primary genital herpes infection
14-21 days | will be longer than any recurrent episodes
38
what are the symptoms of a primary herpes infection
Blistering and ulceration of the external genitalia Pain External dysuria Vaginal or urethral discharge Local lymphadenopathy Fever and myalgia (prodrome)- flu like symptoms
39
which type of herpes is recurrent episodes more common in
HSV-2 Type 1 is better type to have, 1 attack every 12/18 months Type 2 usually have 4-6 attacks per year
40
what are recurrent episodes of HSV like
usually unilateral, small blisters and ulcers minimal systemic symptoms, resolves within 5-7 days often overlooked/misdiagnosed as "thrush“ (mild, localised anogenital tingling, burning or soreness)
41
what should you think when there is brojen skin/ ulceration of genitals
herpes
42
test for herpes
Swab base of ulcer for HSV PCR
43
treatment for herpes
oral antiviral Treatment (Aciclovir 400mg TDS x 5/7) Consider topical Lidocaine 5% ointment if very painful Saline bathing Analgesia
44
which type of herpes virus has more viral shedding
HSV 2 | -more recurrent and severe
45
when is viral shedding in herpes more frequent
in first year of infection More in individuals with frequent recurrences Reduced by suppressive therapy
46
when do you give suppressive therapy for herpes
more than 6 episodes per year
47
what is the suppressive treatment for herpes
Acyclovir 400mg BD taken for 4 months. When stop will have a breakthrough episode then should tract recurrences. Can be on acyclovir for years, reduces transmission
48
what needs to be done in herpes in pregnancy
if first episode in 3rd trimester then do serology to see if primary or secondary 50% risk of transmission if primary HSV. 50% type 1 50% type 2 70% can have localised CNS or disseminated disease Disseminated hsv more common in preterm infants and exclusively in women following primary infection. Transplacental antibodies do not prevent HSV spreading to brain of neonate Better if not primary as mum will have antibodies which can transfer to baby
49
what is the most common viral STI in the uk
HPV
50
what is the lifetime risk of acquiring HPV
80% most people's immune system deals with it: 10% probably harbour detectable infection 1% develop anogenital warts
51
what are the low risk types of HPV
6,11,42,43,44
52
what are the high risk forms of HPV
16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, and 68
53
what types of HPV are currently covered by the vaccine
6, 11, 16, 18
54
what does HPV 6 and 11 cause
anogenital warts
55
what does HPV 1 and 2 cause
palmoplantar warts
56
what does HPV types 16 and 18 cause
cellular dysplasia- cervical, anal, penile, vulva and oropharyngeal cancer
57
who do most people get HPV from
asymptomatic partner
58
what is the incubation period of HPV
3 weeks to 9 months
59
what is common in HPV transmission
transmission of more than 1 type of HPV
60
what are the different progression of HPV infection
Spontaneous clearance of warts 20-34% Clearance with treatment 60% Persistence despite treatment 20% treatment needed in vast majority
61
what do anogenital warts look like
Cauliflower lesions, keratinized lesions Can be planar or pedunculated Can be perianal, can present anywhere in anogenital region, don’t have to have had anal sex
62
what is the treatment for HPV
Podophyllotoxin (Warticon) Cytotoxic Not licensed for extra genital warts (but widely used) Imiquimod (Aldara) immune modifier 1st line for Anogenital warts Cryotherapy Electrocautery
63
what organisms causes syphilis
treponema pallidum (shirochete)
64
how is syphilis transmitted
Sexual contact Trans-placental/during birth Blood transfusions Non-sexual contact – healthcare workers classified as congenital or aquired
65
what are the stages of early infectious syphilis
primary secondary early latent
66
what are the stages of late non infectious syphilis
late latent | tertiary
67
when does syphilis become late non infectious
after two years infected
68
what is the incubation period of primary syphilis
9-90 (mean 21 days)
69
where do chancres occur
at site of inoculation | Sites are Genital=90% Extra-Genital=10%
70
what are the symptoms of primary syphilis
painless chancre | no tender local lymphadenopathy
71
what is the incubation period of secondary syphilis
6 weeks to 6 months
72
what are the signs of secondary syphilis
Skin (macular, follicular or pustular rash on palms + soles) Lesions of mucous membranes Generalized Lymphadenopathy Patchy Alopecia Condylomata Lata (most highly infectious lesion in syphilis, exudes a serum teeming with treponemes) known as the great imitator
73
how do you diagnose syphilis
``` Demonstration of Treponema Pallidum (from lesions or infected lymph nodes) Techniques Dark Field Microscopy PCR (polymerase chain reaction) ``` Serological Testing Detects antibody to pathogenic treponemes
74
what are the serological tests for syphilis
ELISA/EIA (Enzyme Immunoassay- IgM and IgG) SCREENING TEST if +ve: VDRL test/ RPR (activity- non specific) TPPA test (specific)
75
what is the treatment for early syphilis
2.4 MU Benzathine penicillin x 1
76
what is the treatment for late syphilis
2.4 MU Benzathine penicillin x 3
77
how do you follow up syphilis treatment
serologically Until RPR is negative or serofast Titres should decrease fourfold by 3-6 months in early syphilis. There is serological relapse/reinfection if titres increase by fourfold.
78
Profuse mucopurulent discharge form penis and painful urination are more commonly symptoms of what
gonorrhoea
79
what age do girls and boys get HPV vaccine
11-13

Reproduction (51 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions