Stomach Flashcards
(75 cards)
1
Q
What are the regions of the stomach?
A
- cardia
- fundus
- body
- pylorus
2
Q
Carida of the Stomach
A
- smooth muscle
- contains predominantly
mucus-secreting glands
3
Q
Fundus of the stomach
A
glandular portion of stomach
4
Q
the fundus of the stomach secretes
A
- acid
- pepsin
- some mucus
5
Q
body of the stomach
A
- where food is mixed and starts to break
down - contains acid- & enyzme-secreting glands.
6
Q
what is the largest portion of the stomach
A
the body
7
Q
pylorus of stomach
A
contains 1’
mucus & gastrin
secreting glands
8
Q
Pyloric sphincter
A
controls
outflow from stomach
into duodenum
9
Q
The stomach is a _______ organ
A
deistensible
10
Q
Chyme
A
broken down food mixed with gastirc secretions
11
Q
What are the layers of the stomach?
A
- inner circular
- outer longitundinal
* inner oblique*
3 layers
12
Q
inner oblique layer
A
- in the musclaris externa
13
Q
Does a lot of absorption occur in the stomach??
A
NO, only a little does
14
Q
What are things that get abosrbed in the stomach?
A
- water
- alcohol
- some drugs (aspirin)
15
Q
Rugae
A
prominent
longitudinal fold of the stomach
16
Q
What is prominant in the glandular body of the stomach mucosa?
A
gastric pits = foveolae
17
Q
Gastric glands secrete _____ litters of water gastric juice per day
A
2
18
Q
What is contained in the gastric juice?
secreted by the gastric gland
A
- HCl
- Pepsinogen
- Gatrin
- Lipase
19
Q
Pepsinogen
A
- inactive percursor of pepsin
20
Q
What converts pepsinogen to pepsin?
A
HCl (gastric acid)
21
Q
What are the 5 cell types of the gastric epithelium?
A
- parietal cell
- cheif cells
- mucus secreting
- stem cell
- enteroendocrine cells
22
Q
What are the 3 secretions of the gastric epithelium?
A
- hydrochloric acid
- proteolytic enzyme (mainly pepsin)
- Mucus (mainly neutral)
23
Q
What are parietal cell also refered to as
A
- acid-producing
- oxyntic
24
Q
How often do mucus secreting cell of the stomach renew themselves?
A
every 3- 7 days
25
Where are mucus secreting cells of the stomach found
located on surface
26
Surface mucus cells secrete
thick, **insoluble** mucus &
bicarbonate ions
27
Surface cells are
* tall columnar with basal nuclei
* clear cytoplasm
* Many mucin vacuoles
28
Mucus neck cells
* smaller & less regular in shape
* more compressed & distorted by adjacent cells
* basal nucleus
* small mucin vacuole
29
Mucus Neck Cells secrete
**soluble** mucus
30
Where are mucus neck cells of the stomach located?
in the upper third of the pit
31
What are the two types of mucus-secreting cells
* Surface
* neck
32
Paretial cells secrete
HCl
| and produce intrinsic factor
33
What cells produce intrinsic factor?
parietal cells
34
What is intrisic factor necessary for?
absorption of Vitamun B12
35
Parietal cells are
* Pyramidal in shape
* Narrow luminal aspect
* Central nucleus
* Pale, eosinophilic cytoplasm
* Luminal surface area increased by deep microvilli
36
What is the life span of a parietal cell?
1 year
37
Chief cells are
* Large, basophilic nuclei
* Eosinophilic cytoplasm (look like exocrine pancreas cells)
38
chief cell granules contain
pepsinogen
39
Pepsin
breaks down large protein molecules into small peptides
40
Where are parietal cell most numerous?
inthe middle third of the gland
41
Where are chief cells located?
Located at base of gland (bottom third)
42
Why do chief cells stain purple?
due to the large # of ribosomes
43
What color do parietal cells stain?
pink to purple
44
What is the life span of chief cells
about a year
45
What controls parietal and chief cells?
autonomic nervous system & hormones from endocrine cells in region of pylorus
46
enteroendocrine cells =
APUD cells (amine precursor uptake & decarboxylation)
47
enteroendocrine cells are ______ cells
paracrine (target within local vicinity)
48
enteroendocrine cells secrete
variety of peptide hormones
49
enteroendocrine cells secrete peptide hormones in response to
local factors
50
the peptide hormones that enteroendocrine cells secrete control
* GI motility
* gastric secretion
51
What secrete gastrin?
G cells
52
What are examples of enteroendocrine cells
* G cell
* D cell
* S cell
53
Gastrin
stimulates secretion of HCl & pepsin
54
What secretes somatostatin
D cells
55
somatostatin
inhibits secretion of gastrin
56
What secretes secretin?
S cells
57
Secretin inhibits
gastric secretion
58
secretin stimulates
smooth muscle contraction
59
Gastric Endocrine Cells
* Small & round
* Found in base of glands
60
Gastric Endocrine Cells Secrete
gastrin and serotonin
61
Where do you mainly find stem cell in the gastric gland
in the neck of gland
62
Undifferentiated stem cells of the gastric gland
* Continuously divide to replace lost or damaged epithelial cells (can replace all cells)
* mature, migrate up or down gland
63
Gastritis
inflamtion to the stomach
64
What can cause gastritis?
* excessive alcohol use
* chronic vomiting
* stress
* certain medications (aspirin)
* bile reflux
* helicbacter pylori
* infections (virus or bacteria)
65
helicobacter pylori produce
urease
66
Urease
* increases gastric pH
*this causes 2' acid production
67
Helicobacter pylori
bacteria that lives in the mucous lining
of the stomach
68
Bile Reflux
A backflow of bile into the stomach from the bile tract (that connects to the liver and gallbladder)
69
Ulcers frequently associated
with chronic infection with
helicobacter pylori
70
What is used to treat helicobacter pylori?
triple therapy
71
triple therapy
2 long-term abx & proton
pump inhibitor (prevents H+
secretion)
| used to treat helicbacter pylori
72
Stomach ulcer
| gastric ulcer
painful sores in
the stomach lining
73
Stomach ulcers are a type of
peptic ulcer disease
74
peptic ulcers are
any ulcers
that affect both the
stomach and small
intestines
75
What causes stomach peptic?
* H. pylori
* mental stress
* smoking
* alcohol
* genetics
* non-steriodal anti-inflamtory drugs
