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Histology Lecture Test 3 > Upper GI > Flashcards

Upper GI Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

Alimentary canal

A

oral cavity to anus

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2
Q

What are the 5 phases of breakdown of food?

A
  • ingestion
  • fragmentation
  • digestion
  • absorption
  • elimination
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3
Q

Ingestion

A

occurs in the oral cavity

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4
Q

Fragmentation

A

forms a bolus

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5
Q

Where does the initiation of digestion occur?

A

the stomach

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6
Q

Peristalsis

A

contraction of smooth muscle

under autonomic control

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7
Q

In the duodenum

A

emussification of fat

due to pancreatic and bile secretions

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8
Q

In jejunum and ileum

A

primary aborption of nutrients

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9
Q

in colon

what it does

A

resoprtion of water and eliminaiton of waste

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10
Q

ankyloglossia

A

tongue tied

frenulum is too short

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11
Q

GALT

A

diffuse lymphoid tissue
scattered in the GI

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12
Q

What are the four layer of the GI tract form in to outer?

A
  1. mucosa
  2. submucosa
  3. muscularis externa
  4. serosa (adventitia)
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12
Q

What are the 3 functions of the mucosa?

A
  • protection
  • secretion
  • absorption
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13
Q

What are the 3 layers of the mucosa in the GI?

A

epithelium
lamina propria
muscularis mucosae

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14
Q

What are the four types of Muscosal variations?

A
  • protective
  • secretory
  • absorptive
  • absorptive/protective
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14
Q

Where does the greatest variation occur in the GI wall layers?

A

mucosal layers

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15
Q

Where is protective mucosa found?

A

oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, and anal canal

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16
Q

Where is secretory mucosa found?

A

in the stomach

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17
Q

Where is absorptive mucosa found?

Study These Flashcards
A

entirety of the small intestine

18
Q

where is absorptive/protective mucosa found

Study These Flashcards
A

in the large intestine

19
Q

What the locations of transition of mucosa?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • gastro-esophageal junction
  • gastroduodenal junction
  • ileocecal junction
  • anorectal junctio
20
Q

Segmnetation

Study These Flashcards
A
  • local contraction
  • propels food proximally and distally
21
Q

Periostalsis propels food

Study These Flashcards
A

distally only

22
Q

Serosa =

Study These Flashcards
A

visceral peritoneum

23
Smooth muscle of the gut and is excitatory with
parasympathetics
24
Smooth muscle of the gut and is inhibited by
sympathetic
25
Where does the parasympathetic synapse
near the effector organ
26
Where are the gut ganglia located?
in the wall of the submucosa and the muscularis externa
27
Messner's Plexus
* submucosal plexus * clusters of ganglia in the **submucosa**
28
Auerbach's Plexus | myenteric
* located in inner c**ircular and outer longtudinal musle layer** * larger than Mes Plex
29
Esophagus is narrowest at the
TOP
30
Where does the esophagus join the stomach?
cardiac orifice
31
what prevents air form entering the esophagus?
resting muscle tone in superior 3cm
32
What prevent back flow of the stomach to the esophagus?
resting muscle ton at the inferior end of the esophagus | NO A SPHINCTER
33
What are the cells that line the esophagus?
stratified squamous epithelium
33
Muscle in the upper third of the esophagus
voluntary skeletal
34
Muscle in the middle third of the esophagus
skeletal and smooth muscel
35
Muscle in the lower third of the esophagus
smooth muscle only
36
hitatus hernia
protrusion of upper part of the stomach through the thorax through a tear or weakness in the diapharm
37
What are the classification of hiatus hernia
* sliding (oestosophago-gastric * rolling(paraoesophageal) * mixed(transitional
38
What is the most common hiatus hernia?
sliding
38
__________ esophageal hernias are rare
conegential | in bany
39
pryosis
"heartburn" * due to stomach acid coming back up into distal part of esophagus
40
Barrett's Esophagus
serious complicaiton of GERD
41
Barrett's Esophagus can increase the risk of
developing esophageal adenocarcinoma
42
What are signs/ symptoms of Esophageal cancer?
Difficulty and pain with swallowing, * Pressure or burning in the chest. * Indigestion or heartburn. * Vomiting. * Frequent choking on food. * Unexplained weight loss. * Coughing or hoarseness. * Pain behind the breastbone or in the throat
43
What is the overal 5 year survaial rate of esophageal cancer?
5 -30%

Histology Lecture Test 3 (10 decks)

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