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Histology Lecture Test 3 > Urinary System 1: Kidneys > Flashcards

Urinary System 1: Kidneys Flashcards

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1
Q

The kidney has several important homeostatic, hormonal, and metabolic
functions that include:

A
  • maintenance of water and electrolyte
  • Regulation of acid-base balance
  • Excretion of metabolic waste products
  • Production of renin
  • Conversion of vitamin D into active form
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2
Q

Renin is produced by the

A

kidney

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3
Q

Renin is for

A

blood pressure control and erythropoietin

which stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow

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4
Q

The conversion of Vitamin D to the active from helps to

A

regulate of calcium

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5
Q

In the kidney regulation of acid-base balance in conjunction with

A

respiratory system

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6
Q

The kidney’s blood supply is

A

critical to its function

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7
Q

How many segmental (lobar) arteriers per kidney?

A

5

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8
Q

Each lobar artery of the kidney is a

A

“end artery”

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9
Q

Segmental Arteries of the kidney give off

A

interlobar arteries

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10
Q

What is the order that blood travels into the kidney?

A

Renal Artery
ARA & PRA
Segemental
Interlobar
Arcuate
intralobular
Afferent Arteriole

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11
Q

There are 4 segmental arteries on the

kidney

A

anterior

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12
Q

_____ is profused by the anterior renal artery

A

75%

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13
Q

The segemental do not

A

anastmose

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14
Q

What makes the Glomerulus?

A

the afferent arteriole

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15
Q

WHere does blood leave the glomerlus

A

efferent arteriole

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16
Q

Peritubluer Capillary Network arise from

A

efferent arteriole

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17
Q

Vasa Recta are

A

blood vessels loacted around the loop of Henle

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18
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

Nephron

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19
Q

What are the two main components of the nephron?

A
  • renal corpuscle
  • renal tubule
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20
Q

The renal corpuscle of the3 nephron

A

filters blood plasma

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21
Q

the renal tubule

A

modifies filtrate to form urine

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22
Q

Bowmens Capsule

A
  • surounds the glomerulus
  • has two layers
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23
Q

what makes up the visceral layer of bowmans capsule?

A

podocytes

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24
Q

what is the outer layer of bowmans canal?

A
  • simple squamous epip
  • parietal layer
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25
What 2 things makes up the renal corpsucle?
* bowmens capsule * glomerlus
26
What tuble is closest to the renal corpusle?
Proximal Convoluted Tuble
27
WHat is the order of the tuble
PCT Loop of Henle DCT Collected tubule collecting duct
28
DCT is
Distal Convoluted Tuble
29
Where do you find peritubular capullariers?
Around the PCT/DCT
30
PCT is
Proximal Convoluted Tuble
31
Cortical have
short loops of henle
32
Midcortical have
medium length of loop of henle
33
Juxatmedullary have
long loop of henle
34
What is the order from longest to shortest loop of henle?
Juxatmedullary Midcortical Cortical
35
What part is doing post of the work in the kidney?
PCT
36
What can the PCT reabsorb
* Na * Cl * K * glucose * H2O * HCO3
37
What can the PCT secrete
* H+ * drugs * organic acids/bases
38
Bowmans Space is located
Between viceral layer of the glomerulus and the paretal layer
39
Bowmans Space is where
40
The viscerl layer of the glomerus has
podocytes
41
Podocytes
highly modified with feet manage the filtraiton process
42
The capullaries are in contact with the
visceral layer (podocytes)
43
What is the parietal layer | kidney glomerelus
squamous epithelium
44
Where the efferent ateriole is located is called the
vascular pole
45
The urinary pole is the same as the
PCT
46
Mesangial Cells secrete
* mesangial matrix * vasoactive factors * cytokines
47
What is the main structural component of the mesangial matrix?
* type 4 collagen * laminin * firbonectin * proteoglygans
48
Mesangial cells are
phagocytic
49
Mesanigal cells primary phagocytic funciton is
remove trapped residues and aggregated protein from the basement membrane | keeping the filter free of debris
50
Intraglomerlus mesangial cells are
located in the glomerulus between the capillaries
51
Extraglomerular Mesangial cells are found
between afferent and efferent aterioles of the vasuclar pole
52
What are the 3 parts of the Filtration Barrier?
1. Fenestrated capillary endothelium 2. Basal lamina (basement membrane) 3. Podocytes of the visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule
53
The basal lamina and the viceral layer of bowman capsule have
negative charge to them | podocalyxin
54
podocalyxin
* glycoprotein * negative charge * in basal lamina
55
Glomerular Capillares are
fenstrated | large pores
56
Glomerular Capillares are permeable to
* water * urea * glucose * small proteins
57
What can't get out of Glomerular Capillares
* formed elements of blood * large macromolcules
58
Lamina Rarae contains
* type IV collagen * Laminin * Fibronectin * Negatively-charged proteoglycans
59
Foot Processes of Podocytes tend to be
negative charge
60
Pedicel is the same a
foot process | podocyte
61
Each pedicel has a
glycocalyx of negativly charged podocalyxin
62
What is the space between pedicels called
filtration slits
63
Slit diaphragm is made up of
protein called nephrin
64
The flitration slit is covered by
slit diaphragm
65
Slit diaphragm acts as and additional barrier to
* large macromolecules * proteins * negativly charged molecles * blood cells
66
Arterolie _________ forces fluid through _______________ of capillary endotheulium
pressure; fenestrae
67
Blood enter the glomerlus via
afferent ateriole
68
What would stop negative charged particles in flitration?
basal lamina podocytes
69
Fluide passes through pores in the slit diaphar into the
urinary space/ PCT
70
What is the site of bulk operations?
PCT
71
What is the primary site for water resorption?
PCT/ urinary pole
72
The PCT removes ________ of water and ions (Cl, Na)
75%
73
The PCT is found
**ONLY** in the cortex
74
Distal Tubles are found
**ONLY** in the cortex
75
Proteins and small peptides are _______ in the PCT
endocytosed
76
The PCT _______ fluid volume
reduces
77
In the PCT Na+ is
active transport
78
In PCT Cl- is
passive transport
79
H2O in the PCT goes through
aquaporins

Histology Lecture Test 3 (10 decks)

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