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Histology Lecture Test 3 > Urinary System 1: Kidneys > Flashcards

Urinary System 1: Kidneys Flashcards

1
Q

The kidney has several important homeostatic, hormonal, and metabolic
functions that include:

A
  • maintenance of water and electrolyte
  • Regulation of acid-base balance
  • Excretion of metabolic waste products
  • Production of renin
  • Conversion of vitamin D into active form
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2
Q

Renin is produced by the

A

kidney

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3
Q

Renin is for

A

blood pressure control and erythropoietin

which stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow

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4
Q

The conversion of Vitamin D to the active from helps to

A

regulate of calcium

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5
Q

In the kidney regulation of acid-base balance in conjunction with

A

respiratory system

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6
Q

The kidney’s blood supply is

A

critical to its function

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7
Q

How many segmental (lobar) arteriers per kidney?

A

5

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8
Q

Each lobar artery of the kidney is a

A

“end artery”

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9
Q

Segmental Arteries of the kidney give off

A

interlobar arteries

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10
Q

What is the order that blood travels into the kidney?

A

Renal Artery
ARA & PRA
Segemental
Interlobar
Arcuate
intralobular
Afferent Arteriole

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11
Q

There are 4 segmental arteries on the

kidney

A

anterior

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12
Q

_____ is profused by the anterior renal artery

A

75%

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13
Q

The segemental do not

A

anastmose

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14
Q

What makes the Glomerulus?

A

the afferent arteriole

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15
Q

WHere does blood leave the glomerlus

A

efferent arteriole

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16
Q

Peritubluer Capillary Network arise from

A

efferent arteriole

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17
Q

Vasa Recta are

A

blood vessels loacted around the loop of Henle

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18
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

Nephron

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19
Q

What are the two main components of the nephron?

A
  • renal corpuscle
  • renal tubule
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20
Q

The renal corpuscle of the3 nephron

A

filters blood plasma

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21
Q

the renal tubule

A

modifies filtrate to form urine

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22
Q

Bowmens Capsule

A
  • surounds the glomerulus
  • has two layers
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23
Q

what makes up the visceral layer of bowmans capsule?

A

podocytes

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24
Q

what is the outer layer of bowmans canal?

A
  • simple squamous epip
  • parietal layer
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25
Q

What 2 things makes up the renal corpsucle?

A
  • bowmens capsule
  • glomerlus
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26
Q

What tuble is closest to the renal corpusle?

A

Proximal Convoluted Tuble

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27
Q

WHat is the order of the tuble

A

PCT
Loop of Henle
DCT
Collected tubule
collecting duct

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28
Q

DCT is

A

Distal Convoluted Tuble

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29
Q

Where do you find peritubular capullariers?

A

Around the PCT/DCT

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30
Q

PCT is

A

Proximal Convoluted Tuble

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31
Q

Cortical have

A

short loops of henle

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32
Q

Midcortical have

A

medium length of loop of henle

33
Q

Juxatmedullary have

A

long loop of henle

34
Q

What is the order from longest to shortest loop of henle?

A

Juxatmedullary
Midcortical
Cortical

35
Q

What part is doing post of the work in the kidney?

A

PCT

36
Q

What can the PCT reabsorb

A
  • Na
  • Cl
  • K
  • glucose
  • H2O
  • HCO3
37
Q

What can the PCT secrete

A
  • H+
  • drugs
  • organic acids/bases
38
Q

Bowmans Space is located

A

Between viceral layer of the glomerulus and the paretal layer

39
Q

Bowmans Space is where

A
40
Q

The viscerl layer of the glomerus has

A

podocytes

41
Q

Podocytes

A

highly modified with feet
manage the filtraiton process

42
Q

The capullaries are in contact with the

A

visceral layer (podocytes)

43
Q

What is the parietal layer

kidney glomerelus

A

squamous epithelium

44
Q

Where the efferent ateriole is located is called the

A

vascular pole

45
Q

The urinary pole is the same as the

A

PCT

46
Q

Mesangial Cells secrete

A
  • mesangial matrix
  • vasoactive factors
  • cytokines
47
Q

What is the main structural component of the mesangial matrix?

A
  • type 4 collagen
  • laminin
  • firbonectin
  • proteoglygans
48
Q

Mesangial cells are

A

phagocytic

49
Q

Mesanigal cells primary phagocytic funciton is

A

remove trapped residues and aggregated
protein from the basement
membrane

keeping the filter free of debris

50
Q

Intraglomerlus mesangial cells are

A

located in the glomerulus between the capillaries

51
Q

Extraglomerular Mesangial cells are found

A

between afferent and efferent aterioles of the vasuclar pole

52
Q

What are the 3 parts of the Filtration Barrier?

A
  1. Fenestrated capillary endothelium
  2. Basal lamina (basement membrane)
  3. Podocytes of the visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule
53
Q

The basal lamina and the viceral layer of bowman capsule have

A

negative charge to them

podocalyxin

54
Q

podocalyxin

A
  • glycoprotein
  • negative charge
  • in basal lamina
55
Q

Glomerular Capillares are

A

fenstrated

large pores

56
Q

Glomerular Capillares are permeable to

A
  • water
  • urea
  • glucose
  • small proteins
57
Q

What can’t get out of Glomerular Capillares

A
  • formed elements of blood
  • large macromolcules
58
Q

Lamina Rarae contains

A
  • type IV collagen
  • Laminin
  • Fibronectin
  • Negatively-charged
    proteoglycans
59
Q

Foot Processes of Podocytes tend to be

A

negative charge

60
Q

Pedicel is the same a

A

foot process

podocyte

61
Q

Each pedicel has a

A

glycocalyx of negativly charged podocalyxin

62
Q

What is the space between pedicels called

A

filtration slits

63
Q

Slit diaphragm is made up of

A

protein called nephrin

64
Q

The flitration slit is covered by

A

slit diaphragm

65
Q

Slit diaphragm acts as and additional barrier to

A
  • large macromolecules
  • proteins
  • negativly charged molecles
  • blood cells
66
Q

Arterolie _________ forces fluid through _______________ of capillary endotheulium

A

pressure; fenestrae

67
Q

Blood enter the glomerlus via

A

afferent ateriole

68
Q

What would stop negative charged particles in flitration?

A

basal lamina
podocytes

69
Q

Fluide passes through pores in the slit diaphar into the

A

urinary space/ PCT

70
Q

What is the site of bulk operations?

A

PCT

71
Q

What is the primary site for water resorption?

A

PCT/ urinary pole

72
Q

The PCT removes ________ of water and ions (Cl, Na)

A

75%

73
Q

The PCT is found

A

ONLY in the cortex

74
Q

Distal Tubles are found

A

ONLY in the cortex

75
Q

Proteins and small peptides are _______ in the PCT

A

endocytosed

76
Q

The PCT _______ fluid volume

A

reduces

77
Q

In the PCT Na+ is

A

active transport

78
Q

In PCT Cl- is

A

passive transport

79
Q

H2O in the PCT goes through

A

aquaporins

Histology Lecture Test 3 (10 decks)

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