stomach and bowels large and small

Question 1

The _____ is Located in the upper left region of the abdomen

Answer 1

stomach

Question 2

What are the 5 regions of the stomach?

Answer 2

cardia (closest to esophagus), fundus (superior portion), body’ antrum, and pylorus (valve that empties food into small intestine)

Question 3

Five layers names in stomach from innermost to outermost are

Answer 3

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria, subserosa and serosa

Question 4

Most stomach cancer tumors start in the ______layer

Answer 4

mucosa

Question 5

What is the most common histology for stomach cancer

Answer 5

adenocarcinoma

Question 6

stomach cancer Can spread through direct extension to nearby organs such as the

Answer 6

omenta, pancreas, diaphragm, transverse colon, and duodenum

Question 7

signs and symptoms for stomach

Answer 7

• vague epigastric discomfort no 1 symptom
• loss of appetite
• weight loss
• nausea, vomiting
• palpable, epigastric mass
• ascites

Question 8

most common histology for stomach cancer

Answer 8

adenocarcinoma

Question 9

Etiology for stomach?

Answer 9

diet ( red meat, spices , fish , smoked foods , heavily salted)

• coal mining
• H. pylori
• rubber working
• asbestos exposure
• gastric ulcer polyps
• poort nutrition

Question 10

The _____ Starts at the pyloric sphincter and ends at the ileocecal valve

Answer 10

Small bowel

Question 11

What are the 4 layers of the small bowel

Answer 11

mucosa, submucosa, muscle layer, and serosa

Question 12

_____are extensions of the mucosa that absorb nutrients

Answer 12

Villi

Question 13

What are the 3 section of the small bowel?

Answer 13

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

Question 14

what lymph nodes can be involved with small bowel cancer

Answer 14

Mesenteric and celiac nodes

Question 15

What is most common site of distant spread for small bowel

Answer 15

liver

Question 16

what is the most common pathology for small bowel

Answer 16

• Adenocarcinoma

Question 17

_______ Starts at the ileocecal valve and ends at the anus

Answer 17

Large bowel - includes rectum and anus

Question 18

Colon divided into eight regions (list in order):

Answer 18

cecum, ascending colon, hepatic flexure, transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid, and rectum

Question 19

Parts of the large intestine that are intraperitoneal are the

Answer 19

cecum, transverse colon, and sigmoid

Question 20

Parts of the large intestine that are retroperitoneal are the

Answer 20

ascending and descending colon and the hepatic and splenic flexures

Question 21

The walls of large bowel consist of four layers:

Answer 21

mucosa, submucosa, muscle layer, serosa

Question 22

Types of surgery on the colorectal area are _____ and ___ resection

Answer 22

anterior and abdominoperineal resection

Question 23

_____resection: Removes colon, but leaves the sphincter and rectum

Answer 23

Anterior

Question 24

________resection (APR): Removes the anus and part of rectum

Answer 24

Abdominoperineal

Question 25

_______ is a : Genetic disorder of the colorectal area with multiple benign polyps that may develop as a teen and have a possibility in becoming malignant if they are not removed

Answer 25

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)

Question 26

Large bowel cancer uses what staging system

Answer 26

Dukes staging system and modified Astler-Coller (MAC) classification

Question 27

Right colon drains to the ___ nodes

Answer 27

ileocecal and right colic nodes

Question 28

Left colon drains to the ______ nodes

Answer 28

mid-colic, inferior mesenteric, and left colic nodes

Question 29

____colon drains to the inferior mesenteric nodes and nodes that run alongside the superior rectal, sigmoidal, and sigmoidal mesenteric vessels

Answer 29

Sigmoid

Question 30

Upper rectum drains to nodes that follow along the

Answer 30

middle rectal vessels

Question 31

What is the most comon pathology for large bowel cancer

Answer 31

adenocarcinoma

Question 32

Staging for colon cancer are ?

Answer 32

dukes, TNM , modified astler- collar

Question 33

most stomach gI tracks cancer there primary treatment is

Answer 33

surgery

Question 34

colon rector signs and symptoms include

Answer 34

- blood in stool - diarrhea - palpable mass - rectal bleeding - pencil stools

Question 35

most stomach GI tracks histology is ?

Answer 35

adenocarcinomas Anus - squamous cell carcinoma

Question 36

what is typical treatment dose for stomach

Answer 36

45-50 Gy preop 60 Gy total

Question 37

risk factor for the large bowel is

Answer 37

polyps - pre cancerous symptoms