Structure and Function of the Heart

Question 1

The heart pumps blood into two separate systems what are they?

Answer 1

Pulmonary circulation and Systematic Circulation

Question 2

What is the function of the pulmonary circulation?

Answer 2

To move deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for gas exchange

Question 3

What is the function of the systemic circulation?

Answer 3

To deliver oxygenated blood and nutrients from the heart to the body tissues and organs while collecting de-oxygenated blood and waste products for return to the heart and lungs

Question 4

What is the right side of the hearts function?

Answer 4

Right side of heart pumps blood to the lungs where gas exchange occurs

Question 5

What is the left side of the hearts function?

Answer 5

Pumps blood into the systemic circulation which supplies the rest of the body

Question 6

What is the right side of the hearts function?

Answer 6

Pulmonary circulation (lungs)

Question 7

What is the left side of the hearts function?

Answer 7

Systemic circulation (system)

Question 8

What are the 4 chambers of the heart?

Answer 8

Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle

Question 9

What are the three layers of the heart?

Answer 9

Fibrous pericardium layer
Pericardium space
Visceral Layer

Question 10

What is Pericardium?

Answer 10

A fibrous sac that encloses the heart and great vessels - keeps heart in stable location

Question 11

What is the fibrous pericardium layer?

Answer 11

Surrounds and anchors the heart in place

Question 12

What is the Pericardium space?

Answer 12

Contains a lubricant which reduces friction as heart contracts and relaxes

Question 13

What is the Visceral Layer?

Answer 13

Attached to heart surface

Question 14

What is Myocardium?

Answer 14

Middle layer - hearts muscle acts as a pump

Question 15

What is the endocardium?

Answer 15

Lines the chambers of the heart and forms valves - it receives the blood supply form the coronary arteries

Question 16

What is the pericardium?

Answer 16

Outer layer

Question 17

What is the function of the pericardium?

Answer 17

Protects the heart from infection - encloses it
Prevents heart from over expanding
Prevents friction

Question 18

What is the function of a valve?

Answer 18

Ensures that blood moves only in one direction - forward

Question 19

Why does blood flow through valves?

Answer 19

As a result of pressure changed

Question 20

Where are valves situated?

Answer 20

Entrance and exit of ventricles

Question 21

What is Sinotrial (SA) Node

Answer 21

Small mass of specialised cells in the wall of the right atrium

Question 22

What is the function of the SA Node

Answer 22

Acts as a pacemaker of the heart - it generates an impulse which travels through the atria causing them to contract

Question 23

What is an Atrioventricular (AV) Node

Answer 23

Its a small mass of neuromuscular tissue in the wall of the atrial septum near the AV valves.

Question 24

What is the function of the AV Node?

Answer 24

It is responsible for transmitting the nerve impulse from atria to the ventricles - it can initiate impulses itself but at a slower rate than the SA node

Question 25

What is the bundle of his?

Answer 25

AV bundle - it originates in the AV node

Question 26

What is the cardiac cycle?

Answer 26

Sequence of event in one beat. During every heart beat (or cardiac cycle) the heart contracts and then relaxes

Question 27

What is the period of contraction called?

Answer 27

Systole

Question 28

What is the period of relaxation called?

Answer 28

Distole