STUDY GUIDE O - UNIT 3 Flashcards
(37 cards)
What surfaces articulate in the hip joint?
Head of the femur and acetabulum of the os coxae.
What is the acetabular labrum made of and what does it do?
Fibrocartilage; deepens the acetabulum for greater stability.
Why is the hip more stable than the shoulder?
Deeper socket, stronger ligaments and muscles; trade-off is reduced range of motion.
What ligament attaches to the head of the femur?
Ligament of the head of the femur (ligamentum teres); attaches to the fovea of the femur.
What is the largest and most complex joint in the body?
The knee joint.
What are the two articulations in the knee?
Tibiofemoral (femur + tibia) and patellofemoral (femur + patella).
Why is it called the quadriceps femoris tendon above the patella and the patellar ligament below it?
Above = tendon connecting muscle to bone; below = ligament connecting bone to bone.
What are the two collateral ligaments of the knee?
Fibular (lateral) and tibial (medial) collateral ligaments.
What are the cartilage pads in the knee?
Medial and lateral menisci; C-shaped fibrocartilage; cushion and stabilize.
What are the intracapsular ligaments of the knee?
ACL and PCL.
What bones articulate in the talocrural (ankle) joint?
Tibia, fibula, and talus.
How does moderate exercise help joints?
Increases synovial fluid circulation and strengthens supporting structures.
What causes gouty arthritis?
Uric acid crystal buildup.
Most common arthritis?
Osteoarthritis—wear and tear of articular cartilage.
What causes rheumatoid arthritis?
Autoimmune attack on joint tissues.
Why are forearm muscles considered extrinsic hand muscles?
Originate in forearm but move the hand/fingers.
Primary actions of anterior compartment?
Flex wrist and fingers, pronate forearm.
Primary actions of posterior compartment?
Extend wrist and fingers, supinate forearm.
What are retinacula?
Fibrous bands that hold tendons in place.
What structure is involved in carpal tunnel syndrome?
Flexor retinaculum.
What does “digitorum” indicate?
Refers to muscles acting on digits.
What does “pollicis” mean?
Refers to the thumb (pollex).
What does “longus” vs. “brevis” mean?
Longus = long muscle; brevis = short muscle.
Difference between intrinsic and extrinsic hand muscles?
Intrinsic originate and insert in the hand; extrinsic originate in forearm.
