Study guide test 4

Question 1

Kidneys should be sonographically documented in all fetuses beginning at what weeks?

Answer 1

18 wks

Question 2

What is protrusion of the posterior of the urinary bladder called?

Answer 2

extrophy of the bladder

Question 3

What is the condition in which ovarian and testicular tissues are present called?

Answer 3

hemaphroditism

Question 4

What would it look like sonographically if you had complete renal agenesis?

Answer 4

oligohydramnios, absence of fetal bladder, small thorax

(not dilated fetal bladder)

Question 5

Renal agenesis, oligohydramnios, pulmonary hyperplasia, abnormal facies, and malformed hands and feet are found in what condition?

Answer 5

Potter’s syndrome

Question 6

Which characteristic of multicystic dysplastic kidney disease is most common?

Answer 6

multiple noncommunicating cysts of variable sizes

Question 7

Which type of hydronephrosis in the neonate is the most common?

Answer 7

ureteropelvic junction (UPJ)

Question 8

What are the findings observed in hydronephrosis?

Answer 8

anteroposterior renal pelvis diameter < 5-10mm, rim of renal parenchyma is preserved

(not renal enlargement found)

Question 9

If you have a dilated bladder with a keyhole appearance, what condition are you most likely looking at?

Answer 9

posterior urethral valve obstruction

Question 10

What are the sonographic findings in prune belly syndrome?

Answer 10

oligohydramnios, fetal ascites

(not renal agenesis)

Question 11

How many millimeters is the normal bladder wall thickness in a fetus?

Answer 11

2mm

Question 12

Which condition does the renal system fail to develop?

Answer 12

renal agenesis

Question 13

Prement kidneys arise from what?

Answer 13

metanephros

Question 14

What does the uregrit bud give rise to?

Answer 14

ureters, renal pelvis, calyces

(not bowman’s capsule)

Question 15

What position do the kidneys initially lie?

Answer 15

very close together in the pelvis

Question 16

What condition develops if the lumen of the allantois persists while the urachus is forming?

Answer 16

urachal fistula

Question 17

Normal AP diameter of the renal pelvis at 20 wks should not exceed how many millimeters?

Answer 17

4mm

Question 18

What is an anechoic cystic structure in the bladder most likely?

Answer 18

ureterocele

Question 19

What is the most likely cause of bilateral hydronephrosis?

Answer 19

bladder outlet obstruction

Question 20

You can’t exclude renal agenesis before how many weeks because of the fluid?

Answer 20

18-20wks

Question 21

What are the sonographic findings in posterior urethral valve obstruction?

Answer 21

hydroureter, oligohydramnios, hydronephrosis

(not thinning of the bladder wall)

Question 22

Know all the info on fetal ovarian cysts:

Answer 22

often multiseptated, often bilateral, results from maternal hormone stimulation

(not has no diagnostic significance)

Question 23

If the fetal kidneys are enlarged and echogenic and bilateral, what condition may we be looking at?

Answer 23

infantile polycystic disease

Question 24

What two categories are renal malformations divided into?

Answer 24

congenital

obstructive

Question 25

Testicles are not visible within the scrotal until how many weeks gestation?

Answer 25

28wks

Question 26

What anomaly demonstrates the US characteristics of trisomy 18?

Answer 26

Pena Shokeir Syndrome

Question 27

What anomaly is associated with micromelia and hitch hiker thumb?

Answer 27

Diastrophic dysplasia

Question 28

What describes the shortened of proximal extremities?

Answer 28

rhizomelia

Question 29

What are the characteristics of thanatorphoric dysplasia?

Answer 29

cloverleaf skull, extreme micromelia, short ribs (not microcephaly)

Question 30

What anomaly is associated with the amish community?

Answer 30

Ellis Van Creveld Syndrome

Question 31

What diagnosis is most likely when there are multiple fractures and a compressible calvarium?

Answer 31

osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 32

What anomaly is associated with a cloverleaf skull?

Answer 32

thanatorphoric dysplasia

Question 33

Which nonlethal skeletal dysplasia is most common?

Answer 33

achondroplasia

Question 34

Which anomaly is caused by alkaline phos deficiency?

Answer 34

congenital hypophosphatasia

Question 35

What congenital condition is characterized by a disorder of collagen production?

Answer 35

osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 36

Severe micromelia, decreased, absent, ossification of the spine, microcephaly, and macrognathia are seen in which condition?

Answer 36

achondrogenesis

Question 37

Which lethal skeletal dysplasia is characterized by the bowing of the long bones?

Answer 37

camptomelic dysplasia

Question 38

Sonographic features: small thorax, rhizomelia, renal dysplasia, and polydactyly are associated with what?

Answer 38

Jeune Syndrome

Question 39

Diagnosis of talipes is made with which one of the following characteristics:

Answer 39

persistent abnormal inversion of the foot perpendicular to the leg

Question 40

Fusion of the lower extremities is associated with what?

Answer 40

Sirenomelia

Question 41

Sonographic features of achondroplasia may not be evident until after how many weeks gestation?

Answer 41

22wks

Question 42

What is the most common lethal skeletal dysplasia?

Answer 42

thanatorphoric dysplasia

Question 43

Which classification of osteogenesis imperfecta is the most severe?

Answer 43

type 2

Question 44

Know about achondroplasia

Answer 44

most commonly result of a spontaneous mutation, results from decreased endochondral bone formation, heterozygous good survival rate (not advanced maternal age)

Question 45

Which syndrome is a rare condition characterized by phocomelia and facial anomalies?

Answer 45

Robert Syndrome

Question 46

What is the reason for the majority of clubbed feet?

Answer 46

idiopthic

Question 47

Which condition is described as having abnormal growth and density of cartilage and bone?

Answer 47

skeletal dysplasia

Question 48

What condition is caused by cartilage abnormalities resulting in abnormal bone formation and hypomineralization?

Answer 48

achondrogenesis

Question 49

A lethal skeletal dysplasia that is characterized by short ribs, short limbs, and polydactyly is called?

Answer 49

short rib polydactyly

Question 50

Webbing across the joints in multiple contractures are sonographic findings in which anomaly?

Answer 50

lethal multiple pterygium syndrome