Study Notes Flashcards
(127 cards)
1
Q
GP1 UPS Info
A
Toshiba G9000
2
Q
GP1 UPS Size
A
750kW
3
Q
of UPS at GP1
A
6 UPS 3 on each leg
4
Q
GP1 - UPS Power Design Load
A
2000kW Total 1000kW on each leg
5
Q
GP1 UPS Type
A
IGBT Double conversion
6
Q
GP1 UPS Voltage
A
480v in 480v out
7
Q
GP1 - # of battery strings on each UPS
A
3 strings of 40 batteries there are 40 batteries in each cabinet There are 4 cabinet for each UPS so there is an empty cabinet for each UPS.
8
Q
GP1 UPS Configuaration
A
2N (A B) N+1 internally on A or B limited to the UPSs
9
Q
GP1 ATS manufacturer is
A
GE/Zenith
10
Q
GP1 ATS size
A
4000 amp 480v
11
Q
GP1 ATS type
A
Closed transition / bypass
12
Q
GP1 How are the generators started for emergency operation?
A
ATS which monitors power quality. It watches for any changes that are outside of parameters on all three phases, voltage drops and outages.
13
Q
GP1 ATS type
A
Closed transition / bypass isolation
14
Q
GP1 How are the generators started for exercising?
A
The ATS has a schedule built into its control package that will start the generators without a load transfer.
15
Q
How long are the generators exercised?
A
30 minutes
16
Q
How often are the generators exercised?
A
every other week
17
Q
How often is maintenance performed on the generators?
A
Bi-annually. Major and minor.
18
Q
What does major maintenance consist of for a generator?
A
All of the standard checks, visual etc and fluids. Oil change if necessary, based on the number of operating hours on the generator. Load bank
19
Q
What does minor maintenance consist of for a generator?
A
Visual inspection, fluids checked and changed if needed.
20
Q
How often is UPS maintenance performed?
A
Annually.
21
Q
How often are batteries maintained and tested?
A
Bi-annually
22
Q
How often are batteries maintained and tested?
A
Bi-annually
23
Q
What does the UPS do when there is a power outage?
A
It maintains the power load that is currently on it by transferring to battery.
24
Q
GP1 How long can the UPS support the load on battery?
A
7 minutes at 100% load.
25
Describe the pieces of equipment that power will flow through before it gets to a cabinet. This is pretty standard for all sites with just a few minor differences.
1 - Utility transformer 2- Main disconnect Panel (outside) 3 - Main disconnect breaker (outside) 4 - ATS 5 - Main distribution panel 6 - UPS Supply breaker 7 - UPS 8 - UPS load breaker 9 - Distribution panel 10 - PDU supply breaker in distribution panel 11 - PDU supply breaker in PDU 12 - RPP supply breaker in PDU 13 - RPP panel breaker in RPP 14 - Branch circuit breaker that feeds whip to the cabinet.
26
Describe the pieces of equipment that power will flow through before it gets to a cabinet. This is pretty standard for all sites with just a few minor differences.
1 - Utility transformer 2- Main disconnect Panel (outside) 3 - Main disconnect breaker (outside) 4 - ATS 5 - Main distribution panel 6 - UPS Supply breaker 7 - UPS 8 - UPS load breaker 9 - Distribution panel 10 - PDU supply breaker in distribution panel 11 - PDU supply breaker in PDU 12 - RPP supply breaker in PDU 13 - RPP panel breaker in RPP 14 - Branch circuit breaker that feeds whip to the cabinet.
27
GP1 - PDU manufacturers
PDI Home grown - (transformer and panel type)
28
GP1 PDU size / rating
300 kVA There are two that 150kVA that are PDI Wavestar units.
29
GP1 How many branch circuit panels are on the PDI Wavestar PDUs?
4
30
GP1 What are the feeder breaker ratings for each of the panels on the PDI PDUs?
225 amp
31
What are the typical voltage ratings for all of the PDUs at the data centers?
480v in 208v out
32
Are there any PDUs that are not 480v/208v?
Yes they are in the PayPal cage and are dedicated to PayPal. Voltage ratings are - 480v in 415v out
33
What voltage does PayPal have going to their PDUs in their cabinets?
240v
34
GP1 What is the rating for the outside main disconnect breakers that feed the utility power to the ATS from the transformers?
4000 amps (480v)
35
What does closed transition on an ATS mean?
A closed transition transfer switch (CTTS) is also called a make-before-break transfer switch. With closed transition transfer, the on-site engine generator set is momentarily connected in parallel with the utility source before transferring load back to utility power.
36
What does isolation bypas on an ATS mean?
It allows power to be transferred manually through a bypass switch and the transfer gear be racked out to be replaced or worked on isolated from power.
37
GP1 what is the rating for the UPS supply/feeder breakers?
1200 amps (480v)
38
GP1 What is the rating for the UPS load side breakers?
1200 amps (480v)
39
GP1 What is the rating for the PDU supply/feeder breakers?
450 amps (480v)
40
GP1 What is the rating for the PDU input breaker on the PDU on the supply side of the transformer?
450 amps (480v)
41
GP1 What is the rating for the supply/feeder breaker located in the PDU that feeds the RPP?
400 amps (208v)
42
GP1 Typically, how many RPPs are supplied by a given PDU?
3 RPPs Each RPP is supplied by a 400a 208v breaker which is capable of 146kW at 100% load. Which is also 50% the total capacity of the 300kVA PDU. 50% of the RPP is 73kW or 200a.
43
What is a Static Transfer Switch
A static transfer switch uses power semiconductors such as Silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCRs) to transfer a load between two sources. Because there are no mechanical moving parts, the transfer can be completed rapidly, perhaps within a quarter-cycle of the power frequency. Static transfer switches can be used where reliable and independent sources of power are available, and it is necessary to protect the load from even a few power frequency cycles interruption time, or from any surges or sags in the prime power source.
44
What equipment at the data center has a static transfer switch?
The UPS. The STS on a UPS switches from protected or invertor power to bypass non-protected power. It is what does the switching when you turn on and off the invertor on the UPS. There are separate STS that are available to use for example between PDUs and sometimes are available on a PDU to allow for two different power sources. Only one source can be used at a time and it will switch between sources as needed.
45
Primary roles of a UPS System
The primary role of any UPS is to provide short-term power when the input power source fails. However, most UPS units are also capable in varying degrees of correcting common utility power problems: 1 - Voltage spike or sustained overvoltage 2 - Momentary or sustained reduction in input voltage 3 - Noise, defined as a high frequency transient or oscillation, usually injected into the line by nearby equipment 4 - Instability of the mains frequency 5 - Harmonic distortion, defined as a departure from the ideal sinusoidal waveform expected on the line UPS units are divided into categories based on which of the above problems they address,[dubious – discuss] and some manufacturers categorize their products in accordance with the number of power-related problems they address.
46
PUE
PUE – PUE stands for Power Utilization Effectiveness and is a key measure of efficiency in today’s data center environment. PUE is a ratio that represents a specific data center’s total power requirement (as the numerator), divided by the power requirement for only the IT equipment (as the denominator). The simple formula is a follows: PUE = Total Facility Power Usage/IT Equipment Power Usage. Total facility power includes all the power used by a given center, including lighting, cooling, etc. while IT equipment usage is for server power only. The lower the PUE ratio for a given data center, the more efficient the data center’s power environment, with an obvious correlation to operating cost. While the theoretical optimum PUE is one (meaning no power is used for anything other than the IT equipment in the center), and traditionally, PUEs ran as high as 3.00, the best data centers today have PUEs in the 1.5 range
47
GP1 What is the generator manufacturer?
Cummins
48
GP1 What is the size/rating of the generators?
2250kW (2.25MW) derated to 2000kW do to altitude
49
GP2 - How many UPSs are there?
12 UPS 6 sets of 2 paralleled systems. A B C D E F
50
GP2 What size are the UPSs
750kVA
51
GP2 What is the UPS manufacturer and what model
Toshiba G9000
52
GP2 How many individual power circuits are there that feed the ATSs?
6 A B C D E F
53
GP2. What is the size of the transformers that feed GP2
2500kW
54
What is the voltage that feeds the data centers from the transformers?
480v
55
What is the voltage that is supplied by the utility company that feeds the transformers?
12480v
56
How many power circuits supply the Bluffdale park?
1 It is currently primary metered. 11000kW (11.2MW)
57
GP2 - What is the size/rating of the outside main disconnect breaker?
4000 amps
58
GP2 What is the size/rating of the ATS?
4000 amps
59
GP2 Who is the manufacturer of the ATS
ASCO (Vertiv)
60
GP2 What type of ATS?
Closed transition / bypass isolation
61
GP2 Who is the manufacturer of the generators?
GENERAC
62
GP2 What is the size / rating of the generators?
The Gemini generator consists of 2 paralleled 500kW units which combined make a 1000kW unit.
63
GP2 What is the switch gear called that is outside by the generators against the building.
Generator Parallel Gear or Panel. 5 of the Gemini's and 3 of the ATSs all have load and supply breakers in the panel.
64
GP2 What is the size / rating of the ATS supply breakers in the parallel gear?
4000 amps (480v)
65
What is the generation voltage of the generators?
480v
66
GP2 How many battery strings are on the UPSs?
3 strings of 40 batteries hang off of each UPS.
67
GP2 What it the estimated battery time for the UPSs?
7 minutes at 100% load.
68
GP2 What is the size / rating of the breaker that supplies power to the UPS?
1200 amps (480v)
69
GP2 What is the size / rating of the breaker for the load side of the UPS?
1200 amps (480v)
70
GP2 How many UPS supply breakers are there?
2
71
GP2 How many UPS load side breakers are there?
2
72
What happens to the UPS when you turn off the inverter?
The static bypass switch switches the load to bypass, without any interruption in power.
73
GP2 How do you know that the inverter is running on the UPS?
Insert picture
74
The inverter can operate with the battery breakers open. True or False
False
75
GP1 - What is the maximum % load on any circuit, UPS, PDU, RPP?
50%
76
GP2 What is the maximum load % that can be on any ATS, UPS, and PDU?
66%
77
GP2 What is the maximum load % that can be put on an RPP?
50%
78
GP2 Who is the manufacturer for the CRACs
Liebert (Emerson) now known as Vertiv
79
GP2 What are the ratings for the CRACs
There are two different sizes of CRACs. DSA120 DSA150 The number 120 and 150 is supposed to indicate the amount of cooling or heat rejection in kW.
80
GP1 Who are the CRAC manufacturers?
Data Aire - 19 CRACs part of the original installation and build provided by Facility Gateway (FGC). Liebert (Vertiv) - 5 CRACs DSA120 Liebert System 3 - 1 30 ton older model DX
81
VESDA
Very Early Smoke Detection Alart
82
What type of fire suppression system do we have in the data centers?
Dry pipe - preaction - water
83
Which data centers have VESDA and which don't?
GP1 and GP2 has VESDA CC does not have VESDA
84
PUE
Power Usage Effectiveness
85
DCIE
Data center infrastructure efficiency
86
What is DCIE
Data center infrastructure efficiency (DCIE), is a performance improvement metric used to calculate the energy efficiency of a data center. DCIE is the percentage value derived, by dividing information technology equipment power by total facility power.
87
kW
kilo Watt
88
What is a kW
The kilowatt is equal to one thousand (103) watts. This unit is typically used to express the output power of engines and the power of electric motors, tools, machines, and heaters. It is also a common unit used to express the electromagnetic power output of broadcast radio and television transmitters. One kilowatt is approximately equal to 1.34 horsepower. A small electric heater with one heating element can use 1.0 kilowatt. The average electric power consumption of a household in the United States is about one kilowatt.[
89
MW
MegeWatt - one million watts or one thousand kW
90
Watt
The Watt is a measure of power or how much energy is released per second. It can be shortened to W. 1 Watt can be written 1W. We can calculate the power released in a bulb by multiplying the voltage in Volts across the bulb by the current in Amps flowing through the bulb (W = V x I). For example a current of 2 Amps flowing through a bulb with 12 Volts across it generates 24 watts of power.
91
amps
Electricity consists of the flow of electrons through a conductor such as an electric wire. You can’t see electrons but a helpful analogy is to think of electricity as the flow of water through a pipe. We measure the rate of flow of electricity as an electric current (just as we think of the rate of flow of water in a river as the river current). The letter used to represent current in an equation is I. Electric current is measured in Amperes, shortened to Amps or simply the letter A. A current of 2 Amps can be written as 2A. The bigger the current the more electricity is flowing.
92
voltage
We call electrical pressure Voltage and measure it in Volts, shortened to V. The letter V is also used represent Voltage in an equation. A voltage of 3 volts can be written as 3V. The bigger the voltage the higher the pressure and the more current flows. But in order for the current to flow, the electrical conductor or wire must loop back to the battery.
93
transformer
A transformer is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction. Electromagnetic induction produces an electromotive force within a conductor which is exposed to time varying magnetic fields. Transformers are used to increase or decrease the alternating voltages in electric power applications.
94
Apparent Power
Apparent power is conventionally expressed in volt-amperes (VA) since it is the product of rms voltage and rms current. The unit for reactive power is expressed as var, which stands for volt-ampere reactive. Since reactive power transfers no net energy to the load, it is sometimes called "wattless" power.
95
Power Factor
In electrical engineering, the power factor of an AC electrical power system is defined as the ratio of the real power flowing to the load to the apparent power in the circuit, and is a dimensionless number in the closed interval of −1 to 1.
96
Active Power
The unit for all forms of power is the watt (symbol: W), but this unit is generally reserved for active power. Apparent power is conventionally expressed in volt-amperes (VA) since it is the product of rms voltage and rms current. The unit for reactive power is expressed as var, which stands for volt-ampere reactive.
97
What is this and where is located?
It is the Distribution Panel at GP1 in the UPS rooms
98
What is this and where is it located?
CC
RPP
APC - 2 panels on each leg A and B
99
What is this and where is it located?
CC
Stulz ATS CRAC
2 10 ton sections - 20 ton units
DX
100
What is this and where is it located?
CC - Located in power room
ATS
Russelectric 1600 amp transfer switch
Open transition
Isolation bypass
101
What is this and where is it located?
CC
Caterpillar Generator
1000kW
Provides power for both A and B legs. Non-redundant
102
What is this and where is it located?
CC
PDU -
500kVA transformer
Distribution to 5 RPPs
UPS is direct wired to transformer
103
What is this and where is it located?
CC
Liebert System 3 CRAC
DX
30 ton
104
What is this and where is it located?
CC
A side Main Panel Board
CRAC breakers
105
What is this and where is it located?
CC
B Leg Main Panel Board
CRAC Breakers
UPS Breakers
Tie Breaker to A and B mains
106
What is this and where is it located?
CC
MGE UPS 500kVA
3 UPSs
UPS room
107
What is this and where is it located?
CC
PDI RPP
4 - 2 A ,2 B
They have BCMS monitoring
108
What is this and where is it located?
CC
RPP - PowerSmiths
4 Panel
4 RPPs
These are located in the churchs cage
They are dedicated to the church no other customers are on these RPPs
109
What is this and where is it located?
CC UPS room
Data Aire CRAC 30 ton
Dry coolers for roof top units
Heat exchange to roof top is with Glycol
Free cooling capable below 40 f degree outside ambient temperature
DX refrigerant for internal coil to internal heat exchanger which goes to Glycol
110
What is this and where is it located?
CC
DC Plant
There are two legs A and B
111
What is this and where is it located?
GP1
ATS A and B legs
GE/Zenith
4000 amp 480v
Closed transition / bypass isolation
112
What is this and where is it located?
GP1
Data Aire G Force CRAC 106 kW (30 ton) unit
17 30 ton units at GP1
2 20 ton units located in the UPS rooms
Roof top units - dry cooler DX / Glycol
30 ton units have 2- 4 fan dry coolers
20 ton units have 1 4 fan dry cooler
113
What is this and where is it located?
GP1
CRAC Power Panel A and B Panels
Located in the data center on the wall opposite of the UPS rooms
Breakers for the Data Aire CRACs and the RTUs are located there.
114
What is this and where is it located?
GP1
Tie Breaker for CRAC Power Panels
Located in between the CRAC Power Panels
The key that is on the breaker goes to the mechanical breaker in the UPS room.
115
What is this and where is it located?
GP1
LIebert DSE 125 CRACs
4 on the south end of the DC. 1 is in the UK2 cage
DX with pumped refrigeration
116
What is this and where is it located?
GP1
Main Power Panel
Mechanical Breaker (feeds mechanical panel)
Maintenance Bypass Breaker (feeds distribution panel bypass breaker)
3 - UPS feeder breakers
House panel feeder breaker
117
What is this and where is it located?
GP1
Main Distribution Panel
3 UPS input breakers
House power panel breaker
118
What is this and where is it located?
GP1
PDI Wavestar PDU with BCMS monitoring
480v stepped down to 208v/120v
5 sets of PDUs (A and B) 10 total
4 sets are 300kVA 1 set is 150kVA
4 power panels on each unit. Each power panel has 225 amp main breaker
Each PDU is fed/supplied by a 450 amp breaker at 480v
119
What is this and where is it located?
GP1
PDI RPP 4 Panel with BCMS
Each panel has 225 amp breaker.
They are supplied by 208v from a PDU
120
What is this and where is it located?
GP1
Homebrew PDU
300kVA transformer with a 800 amp Square D iLine Panel
Each panel has 3 400 amp breakers that supplies load to RPPs
121
What is this and where is it located?
GP1
Toshiba G9000 UPS
750kVA 480v in 480v out
6 UPSs 3 on each leg The 3 units are paralleled to share the load and provide N+1 configuration.
122
What is this and where is it located?
GP1
Liebert System 3 CRAC 2 units - 1 installed 1 not installed (stored on south end)
30 ton unit
DX
123
What is this and where is it located?
GP2
ATS - ASCO - 4000 amp 480v
closed transition / isolation bypass
There are 6 ATSs in the ATS power room. Each one is supplied by its own supply breaker from the main disconnect for utility. Each ATS also has its own supply breaker in the parallel gear for generator power.
124
What is this and where is it located?
GP2
House distribution power panels and transformers. Located in the switch gear power room on the west wall.
Steps power down from 480v to 208v.
125
What is this and where is it located?
GP2
Distribution Panel - 480v distribution from UPS to PDUs on the floor. 2600 amp panel. Located in UPS room. There are 6 panels. A B C D E F
2 UPS output breakers (1200 amp)
System Isolation Breaker
Maintenance Bypass Breaker
10 PDU breakers (450 amp)
D E F have an additional section attached for the generator wrap around bypass.
126
What is this and where is it located?
GP2
Emergency light UPS
It will keep about 1/5th of the existing lighting on during a power outage until generators start up. It is located in the ATS room in the back.
127
