Stuff Flashcards
(290 cards)
1
Q
Types of sleep, wad stages are there? And how much % each stage has is in its sleep ?
Which stage is the most common
A
R.E.M. Sleep and non R.E.M. Sleep
R.E.M. Sleep consists of 25%
Non R.E.M. Sleep has 4 stage
1,2,3,4
Stage 1 has 5%
Stage two has 45% most common
Stage three 12%
Stage four 13%
2
Q
Wad is shown in eeg for stage one sleep
A
Theta with sharp wVe
3
Q
Stage two sleep has wad in eeg
A
K complex and sleep spindle
4
Q
Stage 3 had wad in its eeg compared to stage 4 sleep
A
Stage three has >50% delta wave, stage 4 has >50% delta wave
5
Q
Wad abnormalities u can see in Tourette ‘s syndrome
A
Striated dopaminergic Dysfunction
6
Q
Wad u see in brain imaging for Parkinson’s
A
Depigmentation of substantial Nigra
7
Q
Wad is the bad side effect of tacrine
A
Increased liver enzymes
8
Q
Wad can we use to treat akathesia
Name 6
A
Clonazepam Dopamine agonist : ropinirole, l dopa Mirtazapine Mineserin Cyproheptidine Propranolol
9
Q
Factors that causes QTC prolongation
Name 4-5
A
Female, HypoK HypoMG Hypo Cal Bradycardia
10
Q
Wad cause antiemetic properties in amisulpride
A
D2 blockage
11
Q
Wad drugs can cause depression
Name 7
A
Clonidine, cimetidine, propranolol, digoxin, furosemide, bromocriptine, phenothiazine, methydopa
12
Q
Wad is intrinsic activity
A
Efficacy of resulting functional response
13
Q
Wad diuretic drugs can be given to lithium
A
Loop diuretics eg furosemide
14
Q
Name 4 things tat can not be eaten with concurrent MAOI
A
Broad beans, red wine, cheese, pickled herrings
15
Q
Wad type of drugs mianerine is
A
Inhibitor of noradrenaline, alpha 2 antagonist and weak alpha 1 blocker
16
Q
Name 2 type 1 metabolic phase 1 stuff
A
Hydrolysis, oxidation
17
Q
Name 4 metabolic phase 2 stuff
A
Methylation, glucorinadation, conjugation, n-acetylation
18
Q
Smoking can increase or decrease
1) clozapine
2) caffeine
3) cyp1a2
A
Decrease clozapine
Decrease caffeine
Increase cyp1a2 metabolism
19
Q
Name three symptoms tat can happen in tia anterior circulation and posterior circulation
A
Anterior: hemiplegia, aphasia, amaurosis fulgax, visual loss,
Posterior: ataxia, dysarthria, diplopia, vertigo, vomiting
20
Q
Wad is Kluver bucy syndrome
3 symptoms
Where is the lesion
A
Hypersexuality, oral exploration, agitation
Bilateral lesion of amygdala and hippocampus
21
Q
EEG in ad
A
Generalized background slowing
22
Q
Effects on drugs for eeg
Lithium
Antidepressant
Antipsychotics
A
Lithium: Decrease alpha wave
Antidepressant and antipsychotics: increase alpha, theta and delta, decrease beta
23
Q
Effects of opioids to eeg
A
Decrease alpha, increase voltage of theta and delta
24
Q
Alcohol on eeg
Normal and withdrawal
A
Increase alpha, increased theta.
Withdrawal increase beta
Dot has fast beta activities
25
Benzo in eeg
Increase beta, decrease alpha
26
Kleive levin syndrome
Three symptoms
Where is the lesion
Hyperplasia, hypersexuality, hyper somnolence, hyperactivity
Hypothalamus abnormality
Cause by viral illness
27
Leptin
Cause wad
Where
Adipose tissue
| Control food intake- anorexigenic
28
Ghrelin
Cause wad
Where
```
Increase appetite
At stomach (p cell) and pancreass
```
29
Neuroleptic y
Increase food intake
| Decrease physical activities increased in fat ppl
30
Wad mediates in hypothermic Centre
Preoptic anterior hypothalamus
31
What mediates the hyperthermic centre
Post hypothalamus
32
What are the hold test for WAIS
| Name 3
Vocab, information object assortment, pic completion
33
Wad lobe is involved in nominal aphasia
Parietal
34
Wad cause alexia without Agraphia, which part of it
| Wad artery involved
Splenum of corpus callosum
Post cerebral artery
35
Wad does Gcs do
Predict mortality
| Mortality 70% if <8
36
Robertsonian translocation causes wad type of fusion results
Metacentric fusion results
37
Wad causes a kinetic mutism wad vessels are involved
Cingulate gyrus
Ant cerebral artery
38
Name two parts that are asymmetrical in the brain
Hesch's gyrus and planum tegmentum
39
Which area of the brain affects n cause depression
Hypothalamus
40
Types of receptors
Name 3
1) inotropic : ligand gate
2) metabotropic: G protein
3) ligand dependent regulators of nuclear transcription (nuclear receptors)
41
Examples for ionotropic receptors name 3
GABA A
NMDA
5HT 3
42
What psychotropic cause whitish brownish deposits in the eye
Chlorpromazine
43
What is first to go for normal pressure hydrocephalus after shunting
Gait
44
What is hayling test
Hayling sentence completion test
45
What is Brixton test
Brixton spatial anticipation test
To detect rules in sequence in formula
No verbal response needed
46
Where hemiballismus lesion is
Infarcts of contralateral subthalamic nucleus
47
Name 6 tat causes autism
Fragile x syndrome, Down's syndrome, Rett syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, neurofibromatosis, hypomelanosis of Ito
48
Wad is the increase risk of Alzheimer disease
| With epo E allele
Five
49
How to identity fragile x syndrome with wad deprivation with its cell
Thymidine
50
Who propose endophetype concepts
Gottesman
51
Wad gene and type of transmission for Tay Sachs
Death by wad age
Hexosamidose A
Auto recessive
Death by 4
52
Which part of brain will hav disgust
Insula
53
Symptoms for cerebellum flucconodular (vestibular) lesion
| Name 3
Loss of equilibrium and gait
Nystagmus
Ataxia
54
Symptoms for lateral cerebrocerebellum of the cerebellum
Loss of planned movement, hypotonia, dysarthria
55
Wad connects both hemisphere
| Which part of it
Gene of corpus callosum
56
Which ions are helpful in CNS hyperpolarisation
Chloride, potassium
57
Which dopamine receptors is at pre and post synaptic junction
D1 and d5
58
Which is the most powerful opioid endogenous peptide
Dynorphin
59
Wad causes female pseudo hemaphrodism
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
60
Valproate causes wad hepotitoxicity in terms of 1 in how many
1 in 100000
61
Wad drug can help with Ren sleep behaviour
Clonazepam
62
The factors tat cause clozapine induced neutropenia
| Name 3
Race Afro Carribean , Asian, jewish
Increasing age
Low baseline WCC
Female gender
63
Wad drugs can help treat narcolepsy
Methylphenidate for day time sleepiness
Modafinil for drop attacks
SSRI/TCA to decrease R.E.M. Sleep
64
Clozapine can cause thromboembolism for how Long?
3 months
65
Wad is Wallenberg syndrome
Where is the artery involve
Wad symptoms
Where is the lesions
Brain stem lesions
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
Cerebellar signs + facial drop (Horner's syndrome), facial numbness, Diplopia
66
Normal rate for late onset Alzheimer's
7%
67
Rate of first degree relative for ad
2nd degree
Monozygotic twins
15-20%
2nd degree 10%
Monozygotic twins 80%-85%
68
Wad is a weakly eosinophilic, spherical cytoplamic inclusion
Lewy body
69
Wad is Neurites that increase reputable of dopamine that could b toxic
Alpha synuclein
70
Wad is large swollen neurons, cells, lass of noisily substance, peripherally displaces nucleus
Picks bodies
71
When theory of the mind develops
4 years
72
Wad is good for children n adults with communication n language difficulties
Makaton vocab
73
Time and severity for post traumatic amnesia
Mild less than 1 hour
Moderate 1 to 24 hours
Sever more than 1 day
74
Short term memory is often in wad modality
Acoustic
75
Who propose body type with personalities ?
Kretschmer
76
Where the stm is usually stored
How abt ltm
STM: prefrontal
Ltm; hippocampus and entorhinal cortex
77
Wad is latah
Exaggerated response after being startled
| Echolalia, echopraxia
78
Where is neuroasthesia being categorised
Other neurotic disorder
79
Wad drug can cause positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia
Phencyclidine a non competitive nmda
80
Ftd family history how many percentage
50%
81
Wad drugs can cause water intoxication
How many percentage u see in chronic schizophrenia
Estasy
20%
82
Wad chromosome is affected in hung ting on
Wad u can see in mri
Chromosome 4
| Degeneration of striatum
83
Who propose derailment ?
Cameron
84
Wad is Zar
Spirit possession
Laughing shouting
Dissociative episode
85
Wad drugs causes pinpoint pupils
Heroin
86
Wad is the word lethological means
Blocking, tip of the tongue
87
Wad consists of corpus striatum
Put amen and caudate
88
Wad consists of lentiform
Putamen and globus pallidus
89
Wad made from telencephalon named 3
Cerebrum
Corpus striatum
Pallidum
90
Wad make Diencephalon
| Name three
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pineal body
91
Wad made from mescephalon
Name three
Mid brain
Red nucleus
Tegmentum colliculli
92
What is made from metcephalon name two
Pons, cerebellum
93
Wad made myecephalon
Caudal part of medulla oblongata
94
Wad two things take part in the reward system
Nucleus accumbuns
| Ventral tegmentum
95
Where is Broca
Left Inferior frontal cortex
96
Wad part helps in Recognising faces
Fusiform gyrus
97
Wad and wad is enthorhinal cortex
| Wad vessel help it
Temporal lobe
Helps in Long term memory and navigation
Posterior cerebral artery
98
Where is ventral tegmental area
Mid brain
99
Wad vessel can cause Colour processsing be affected
Left posterior cerebral artery
100
Wad does cck involved in
Beta endorphin
Orexin
Vasopressin
Glutamate
Anxiety
Beta: mood
Orexin: circadian rhythm
Vaso : cognition
Glutamate: memory
101
Wad gene does Rhett gets involved
XMecp2
102
Where does nicotine acts
Acts at acetylcholine receptors
103
What neuro peptide
| Can affect Huntington disease
Substance P will b decreased
104
Endocannabines is associated with wad disorder
Schizophrenia
105
Neurotensin is associated with wad disorder
Schizophrenia
106
Wad chromosome affects William syndrome
7
107
Wad chromosome affects venlocardiofacial syndrome
22
108
Wad is the Symptoms of William syndrome
Sociable, verbal better than spatial
Triad
Facial, hypercalcemia, supra valvular stenosis
109
What is a ataxic gait
Board base
| Wide
110
Waddling involves wad disorder
Pregnancy, proximal muscle probs
111
Wad causes stomping gait name 3
```
Peripheral neuropathy
Dorsal Coloumns
B12 probs
Diabetes
Friedreichs ataxia
```
112
What causes steppage gait
Peroneal nerve palsies
| Charcot Marie's tooth
113
What causes scissoring gait
UMN, CEREBRAL PALSY
114
Wad causes scanning speech
Cerebellar disorder
115
Wad will a lmn lesion speech sound like
How abt umn
Flaccid tongue, nasal quality
UMN: imprecise articulation
Spastic, contracted tongue , hoarse, high pitch
116
Aura is seen in what kind of seizures
Complex partial seizures
117
Wad drugs will cause increase prolactism
Wad drug will cause prostatism
1) amisulpride
| 2) amitriptyline
118
Percentage of clozapine for seizure of more than how many?
5%
| More than 600
119
Usually clozapine associated neutropenia occur within how many week
20
120
Percentage of mortality for nms
20-25%, 30% if depot
121
Name four antidepressants that is useful for pregnancy
Imipramine, Nortripline, amitriptyline, fluoxetine
122
Wad is the percentage of gi bleed if ssri is added with wad?
Aspirin 43%
123
Lithium will show wad in ecg
Flattening or inversion of ecg
124
Name 5 things that will be caused by alpha 1 blockage
And wad can be caused by stimulation
Blockage : priapism, retrograde evacuation, impotence, hypotension, anorganism
Simulation: insomnia
125
Wad is special abt amantadine
Helps Parkinson and the flu
126
Half life of risperidone
24
127
Half life of lithium
Around 1 day
128
Half life of clozapine
Around 15
129
Half life of sodium valproate
Around 15 hours
130
When usually need to off oral stuff when start depot
2-3 months
131
Name 4 things that increase lithium concentration
Thiazides
NSAIDs
Fluoxetine
Ace inhibitor
132
Name 3 things that decrease lithium concentration
Aminophyllin
Osmotic diuretic
Caffeine
133
Name 5 things tat does not increase concentration of lithium but will increase toxicity
```
Carbamazepine
Haloperidol
clozapine
Calcium channel blocker
Metronidazole
Atracurium
```
134
Normal dose for duloxetine
60 to 120
135
Varanicline for wad and how
Smoking cessation
| Alpha 4, beta 2 unit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
136
Name 4 test in verbal component for wais
Arthemtric, digit span, vocab, information , comprehension,
137
Name 4 test for performance in WAIS
Picture arrangement, block design, digit symbol, matrix reasoning
138
Wad is epileptic automaticism and how Long
Confusion during and after seizure
| Seconds to minutes
139
Risk of alcohol dependence in family
4
140
Risk of panic disorder In family
4-8
141
Where is isomer of maoi expressed
Chromosome x
142
Which part of the Brain in control of taste
Insula, inf. frontal gyrus
143
Where is the genetic component of ADHD
D4 dopamine drd4
144
Which part of the brain will not hav bbb
| Name 4
Subfornical organ
Post pituitary
Median eminence
Area postremia
145
Agencies of corpus callosum is due to
Disorder of neuranal migration
146
Prolactin is secreted by wad nucleus at where
Actuate nucleus at ant pituitary
147
Wad psychotropic causes sweating
SSRI
148
Pigeon gait Is for
Hip dysplasia
149
Wad does arcuate fasculus attach
Frontal to inferior parietal
150
Wad does medial geniculate n inf collicili do
Auditory
151
Wad does inf, Long fasiculus connect
Temporal to occipital
152
What is milkman grip
Chorea
153
Myeson signs
Glabellar tap
154
Gedenkenlautwarden is
Thought echo
155
Déjà pensee is
Familiarity towards a thought
156
Deja entendee is
Familiarity of a voice
157
```
Name phobia for
Lightning
Height
Pain
Dust
```
Astro phobia
Acrophobia
Odynophobia
Amantophobia
158
Wad cause syphilis
Treponema pallidum
159
When deductive reasoning is achieved in which stage in Piaget?
Formal operational stage
160
Who propose a theory of identity development in children, independent of their mothers?
Margaret Mahler
161
Which test utilised the theory of the big five personality constructs
NEO INVENTORY
162
Wad is the term that denotes feeling of familiarity that accompanies the return of stored Material to consciousness
Recognition
163
How to reduce group think
Name 4
Open debate
Acknowledge group think
Seeking external opinion
Splitting groups into small units for discussion
Reserving leader's opinion until after group discussions
164
Wad is the first written account on ethical aspects of medicine
Ishaq bin ali al-ruhawi
165
Wad is Mobitz 1
Prolonging pr, longer and longer
166
Wad model propose reducing stigma by demanding equal rights and criminal responsibility for the mentally ill?
Libertarian model
| Equal right with non-discrimination
167
Wad is tearoom trade study
| Who did it
Male sexual behaviour
| Laud Humphries
168
Who propose malignant alienation
Wad is it
Morgan
progressive deterioration in the relationship between carers (staff in a ward) and a patient, including loss of sympathy and support from members of staff, who tended to construe these patients' behaviour as provocative, unreasonable, or overdependent.
169
Cultural analysis refers to
Norms in a group
170
Wad is the basis of official classification in Britain
Occupational status
171
Wad need to aware of when diagnosis tics
Check presence of obsessions
172
Icd 10 schizophrenia how many months ah
1 month
173
Icd 10 delusion disorder Need last for how Long ha
3 months
174
Which one has extra personality disorder and wad disorder is it?
Icd has dissocial
175
Which icd or Dsm 's schizophrenia has disorganised shiz
Dsm 5
176
Schizotypal diorder in Dsm is under wad
Personality disorder
177
Who first described bulimia Nervosa
Russel
178
Wad will have wing beating tremors
Wilson's disease
179
Wad opnia u will hvae iwthbtemporla lseion
Upper quandrantanopnia
180
Laxative diarrhoea will hav wad complication
Metabolic acidosis
181
Wad test can be use to different mild cognitive impairment and dementia
Addenbrooks cognitive examination
182
Which mobitz has same pr
Mobitz type 2
183
Wad can cause magnetic gait
Normal pressure hydrocephalus
184
Normal hydrocephalus
| Wad are the three triad
Magnetic gait
Dementia
Lastly urine incontinence
185
Wad correlate severity of AD
Burden of neurofibrillary tangle
| Number of -league
186
Wad can cause by hyperventilation
Parasthesia (can be unilateral) usually upper extremities , weakness, dizziness, palpitation, Chest pain , tetanus cramps
Perioral numbness
187
Wad is nerfiza
Cultural bound syndrome tat usually at Greece, Egypt, Mexico, Attack of the nerves
Episodes of despair with anxiety with somatic complains
188
What is susto
In Mexico, South America,
Loss of one soul after a fright reaction in presence of someone else's death or illness
Symptoms included tics, diarrhoea, agitation, anorexia, insomnia
189
Which symptom based subtype of OCD will hav a high genetic risk
Symmetry/ordering rituals
190
Which OCD will be resistant to SSRI
Name 2
Which will n resistant to cbt
Name 2
Both: hoarding and sexual/religious obsessional thoughts
191
What is Gegenhalten
resistance/negativism. Patients with negativism resist or oppose all passive movements attempted by the examiner. A mild form of this resistance is Gegenhalten or opposition.
192
Amphetamine. An last for how Long in urine
48 hours
193
Cocaine can elapse for how Long in urine
6-8 hours
| But metabolites can last up to 2-4 days
194
Heroin can last for how Long in urine
1-3 days
195
Methadone can last for how Long in urine
More than 3 days
196
Wad is bandura propose?
Bandurra social learning theory. Learning can be simply be done by observing the behaviour of others and the outcomes
197
Codeine can last up to how Long Ing urine
48 hours
198
Morphine can last for how Long in urine
2-3 days
199
Benzo can last up to how Long in urine
Around 3 days
200
Nomifensine withdrawn due to
withdrawn due to haemolytic anemia
Oso can cause hepatotoxicity
201
Wad causes tardive dyskinesia
High d2 sensitivity
202
Lithium can do wad do seizure threshold
Lower
203
Wad drugs can cause hyperparathyroidism
Lithium
204
Which drug is associated with acne
Lithium
205
Amitriptyline affects wad tat cause antichilinergic symptoms
M3 blockage
206
Which antidepressant is associated with increased elevated cholesterol ?
Mirtazapine
207
Which are features of SSRI discontinuation syndrome
| Name 6
Increase dreams, dizziness, electric shock like sensation, insomnia, headache, left hart , gi symptoms
Mood change
208
Which anti Dementia stuff can secret an allosteric action on nicotinic receptors
Gallantamine
209
Akathesia is due to
High dopamine d2 receptor occupancy in striatum
210
Disulfirma does wad
Inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase
211
Cocaine withdrawal name 4
Anhedonia, anxiety, irritability, hypersomnolence, intense craving for cocaine,
212
Glutamine acts via wad type of receptors
Nmda receptors
213
Wad is xanomeline
Treatment for schizophrenia
| M1/m4 agonism
214
Wad causes hypersalivation for clozapine
Alpha 2 blockage
| M4 agonism
215
Wad kind of route can drugs reach Brain quickly
Inhalation
216
How Sodium valproate affects carbamazepine
| How does chlorpromazine affects sodium valproate
Increases carbamazepine
Chlorpromazine increase sodium valproate
217
Flu maze nil is a wad type of drug
Wad is the protein binding
Competitive antagonist of benzodiazepine at gaba a receptor .
50%
218
Lithium does it excrete through great milk
Yes
219
Wad does Rey oysterreith does
Measure recall of learned material
| Visual memory
220
Post concussion syndrome mostly affect wad
Speed of processing
221
Wad is so great abt river mead Behavioural memory test
detects impairment of everyday memory functioning and also monitors changes following the treatment for memory difficulties
222
Wad are the 4-5 criteria that can be use to define an endophenotype
Marker is associated with the illness in population
Heritable
State independant
Cosegregates the illness with in families
Present at higher rate in unaffected family members of pro and compared to general population
223
Wad dis the norm huntingin repeats
Less than 28
| 40 or more will hav hd
224
Transcription take place in
Nucleus
225
The technique used to assemble correct DNA fragments from a gene library into a continuous overlapping stretch is
Physical mapping
226
Early onset dementia is usually caused by which 3 genes
Presenillin 1,2, amyloid precursor protein
227
Ribosome do wad
Protein synthesis
228
Translation usually carry out at
Ribosome
229
Middle cerebral artery supplies blood to name 6
Broca, wernickes, hescl's , plenum tegmentum, angular gyrus, most part of corpus striatum, basal ganglia
Lateral motor and sensory strip
230
Posterior artery supply name 3
Cuneus, inferior temporal gyrus, lingual gyrus
231
Wad can be seen in schizophrenia MRI activity
Reduced grey matter density and neuronal activity
| Reduced activation at left temporal lobe and anterior cingulate cortex
232
Wad lobe affects attention
Parietal lobe helps in Engagementan disengagement of attention
233
Wad does ependymal cells do
Aids flow of Csf, lining the walls of ventricular systems
234
Which of the following enzymes is seen only in the neuron and not in the glial cells?
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase
235
Mao b usually can be found in
Brain
236
Mao a usually can be found in
Liver and gut
237
Most common sildenafil side effect is
| Name 5
Headache [most], nasal stuffiness, facial flushing, indigestion, blue tinge in vision
238
Low 5-HIAA in csf is associated with
Impulsivity
239
Nitric oxide is synthesised form wad and by wad
L-arginine
Nitric oxide synthase
240
Which Human spongiform encephalopathy has slowest course
Three symptoms pls
Kuru - 40 years
By ritual cannabalism
Progressive cerebellar ataxia, dementia and death
241
Which of the following neural structures is strongly implicated in the regulation of P50 suppression, a proposed endophenotype in schizophrenia?
Hippocampus
242
Wad are the vessel involving in
Most of cerebellar
Cerebellum vermis
Most including peduncle sand nuclei are by superior cerebellar artery
Vermis is by posterior inferior cerebellar artery
243
Locus coerulus is transmit wad
Where is it
Norepinephrine
| Pons
244
Wad can cause by dominant occipital lesion
name 3
Alexia without Agraphia, Colour agnosia, visual object agnosia
245
Wad can cause by non dominant occipital lesion
| name 3
Complex visual hallucinations, prospagnosia, visuospatial agnostia
246
Wad is selegeline
Mao b inhibitor
247
Wad can cause the grape juice effect
Name 7
Will downregulate intestinal (not Liver) cyp 3a4
| Nimodipine, felodipine, carbamazepine, Midazolam, triazolam, simvastatin, methyprednisolone, buspirone and pimozide
248
Wad drugs can cause severe postural hypotension name 2
Clozapine and risperidone
249
Which antipsychotic is most associated with nausea and vomiting and y
Aripiprazole
| Due to 5ht3 partial agonist actions
250
Acute relive of tardive dyskinesia
Increasing neuroleptic 0_0
251
Most well establish risk of developing late onset tardive dyskinesia
Increasing age
252
Risk factor of akathesia
| Name 2
Older age and female
253
Common side effect of acamprosate
Nausea
254
Low serum iron is associated with which two neuroleptic side effect
Nms and epse
255
Wad drugs should not be given with maoi name 4 types
Antidepressant, painkillers, stimulants, tramadol, pentidine, cough syrup, salbutamol
Nasal decongestant spray (rise in hypertension)
256
How does sinadefil works
Inhibiting phosphodiesterase
Increasing nitric oxide
Act as a vasodilator for penis smooth muscle.
257
Wad is riluzole
Nmda receptors antagonist
258
Wad is the mechanism of atomoxetine
Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor
259
How does trazodone works
Serotonin 2 antagonism
Serotonin reuptake blockage
Alpha 1 and 2 antagonism
Antihistamine properties
260
Wad can be affected by acetylation status
Mao inhibitor, iso azide, Sufalazine.
261
Which Anti dementia will be excreted by urine
Memantine.
262
How alcohol is metabolised
1) alcohol dehydrogenase.
| 2) microsomal ethanol oxidising system meos by induction of p450
263
Percentage of woman developing lithium hypothyroidism
% of ppl experience side effect of lithium
20% middle age woman
66%
264
Wad does bixon test do
Visuospatial sequencing
265
Wad are the 4-5 endophenotype of schizophrenia
```
Impaired attentional performance
Working memory deficits
Prepulsive inhibition: Eye movement dysfunctions
Impaired p50 suppression Incorrect
Lack of sensory gating
```
266
The form of Down's syndrome, which is as likely to have come from father as that of mother's chromosome, is
Robertsonian translocation
267
Which personality disorder has the highest support for genetics
Schizotypal pd
268
Deficiency of Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase developed increased acid is wad a?
Which gene
Wad mode
Wad does it do
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
X link recessive disease, usually boys
Overproduction of Uric acid
Self harm around 3 years old, biting lips and tongue, poor iq, facial grimacing, repetitive movement of limbs like in hungtinton
269
E4 is associated with wad 4 stuff
```
Alzheimer's
Parkinson
Intercerebral hamorrhage , cardiac bypass surgery
Recovering from head injury
Her-es simplex encephalitis
```
270
Autism
Among twins
Heritability
60%
Heritability : 90%
271
The breakdown enzymes involved in degradation of noradrenaline in presynaptic neurons are
monoamine oxidase (MAO-A) and catechol-o-methyl-transferase (COMT)
272
Eating disorder has Low wad
Leptin
273
R.E.M. Sleep disorder usually is associated with wad
Lewy body dementia
274
Most important side effect of galatamine is
Bradycardia
275
Nocturnal myoclonus can seen in wad psychotropics
Can use wad to help
SSRI
Benzo and levodopa
276
Terazosin is use for wad side effects
Sweating from SSRI
277
Wad is si-rna
double-stranded RNA molecule, involving in RNA interference pathway, where it interferes with expression of a specific gene.
278
T rna is for wad
a small RNA molecule that transfers a specific active aminoacid to growing polypeptide chain at the ribosomal site of protein synthesis during translation. It also has a terminal site for amino acid attachment.
Hence: Provides a bridge between m-RNA and amino acids
279
Wad Enzymes which attaches amino acids to t-RNA
Aminoacyl t-RNA synthetase
280
Which tca has the
most serotonergic reuptake selective
Most antihistamine activity
Most noradrenergic
Serotonic :clomipramine
Antihistamine : doxepine
Noradrenergic selective: desmiprasine
281
Potency of a drug with receptor binding action refers to the
amount of the drug needed to produce a particular effect compared to another standard drug with similar receptor profile
282
Wad is efficacy
Efficacy refers to how well the drug produces the expected response
283
Hypothalamus is supply by wad vessels
Anterior communicating vessel
284
Basal ganglia is supply by wad vessels
Medial cerebral artery
285
Anterior limb of internal capsule is supply by wad name two vessel
Anterior cerebral artery
| Anterior communicating artery
286
Wad can be seen in Mri Brain of multiple scelerosis
white matter hypointensities affecting corpus callosum. If fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI is used, periventricular high-signal intensity lesions can be observed.
287
Depressive disorder for old ppl can show wad in MRI name 4
periventricular and deep WM hyperintensities,
subcortical thalamic and striatal hyperintensities,
decreased frontal and basal ganglia volumes,
and decreased metabolism in prefrontal cortex.
288
Wad can be seen in schizo with Brian imaging
Neuroimaging findings in schizophrenia include ventricular enlargement and loss of grey matter - especially insula, anterior cingulate cortex, medial temporal lobe and dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex with some progressive loss of brain volume in the first few years of diagnosis.
fMRI shows poor dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex activation in executive tasks, while decreased N-acetyl aspartate in prefrontal cortex is seen in spectroscopy.
289
Korsakoff can hav wad lesions
Dorsal medial thalamus,
| Mammillary bodies
290
Astrocyte can do wad three things
nutrition of neurons,
breakdown of some neurotransmitters,
and maintaining the blood-brain barrier
