Swine Reproduction

Question 1

T/F: Vaccination for leptospirosis in pigs should be performed at least once a year

Answer 1

False

Vaccination for leptospirosis in pigs should be performed at least once every 6 months

Question 2

What difference in testicular anatomy is noted in the boar?

Answer 2

upside-down balls

The tail of the epididymis is on the TOP and the head of the epididymis is on the BOTTOM

Question 3

For medical therapy for dystocia in pigs, you can administer ________ IM every 30 minutes

Answer 3

oxytocin

DO NOT ADMINISTER IF THERE IS AN OBSTRUCTION!!!!

Question 4

What is the most common method used in pigs to hasten the onset of puberty?

Answer 4

Boar effect

Question 5

Many pigs carry Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae on their ________ without any clinical signs

Answer 5

tonsils

• Organism can gain access via contaminated feed and water
• In acute cases, the organism enters the circulation via the pharynx and infects the blood vessels

Question 6

What clinical sign in boars is suggestive of Brucella suis?

Answer 6

Orchitis

• Sows shed large numbers of bacteria
• Granulomatous lesions in uterus, ovaries, testes, ASG, liver, kidney

Question 7

________ is used for diagnosis of PRRS

Answer 7

herd serology

Question 8

T/F: Cystic ovarian disease is the most common non-infectious cause of infertility in the sow

Answer 8

False

Cystic ovarian disease is the 2^nd most common non-infectious cause of infertility in the sow

Hydrosalpinx is the most common non-infectious cause of infertility in the sow

Question 9

T/F: The pig is the only natural host for hog cholera

Answer 9

True

Question 10

What is the most common cause of porcine dystocia?

Answer 10

Uterine Inertia (37%)

Question 11

Approximately how many mLs of semen are used for AI in pigs?

Answer 11

80-100 mLs

Question 12

What is the gestation length in pigs?

Answer 12

114 +/- 2 days

Question 13

Ovulation occurs ~____ of the way through estrus in the sow

Answer 13

Ovulation occurs 2/3 of the way through estrus in the sow (36 h average)

Question 14

In the case of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, abortion typically occurs secondary to ________ in pigs

Answer 14

In the case of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, abortion typically occurs secondary to fever and septicemia in pigs

Question 15

__________ is the most common cause of porcine pregnancy losses

Answer 15

Leptospirosis

Can be brought in by carrier animals; Clinical signs depends on the stage in which the females becomes infected but usually mummified and macerated fetuses

Question 16

What is the most common cause of non-infectious infertility in pigs?

Answer 16

Hydrosalpinx

Question 17

What is the method of choice for control of Brucella suis in swine?

Answer 17

test and slaughter

“Bruce kills pigs”

Question 18

What is the approximate length of estrus in the sow?

Answer 18

48-72 hours

Ovulation occurs 2/3 of the way through estrus (36 h average)

Question 19

Things that hasten the onset of puberty in the gilt include:

• Increased lighting
• Introducing a boar
• Mixing with new pen mates
• A and B only
• All of the above

Answer 19

All of the above​

Question 20

What is the desired number of offspring per sow per year?

Answer 20

10

Question 21

T/F: Test and slaughter is the method of choice for prevention of PRRS in swine

Answer 21

No, jackass.

• Isolation and acclimatization is the method of choice.*
• …murderer*

Question 22

T/F: Pigs are seasonally polyestrus

Answer 22

False

Pigs are non-seasonally polyestrus

• Polyestrous
• Non-seasonal
• Length: 21 days (18-24 d range)
• No series of follicular waves as seen in cattle

Question 23

For induction of parturition in sows, prostaglandins can be administered on day ____ of gestation

Answer 23

day 112-113

Question 24

What type of placentation is seen in pigs?

Answer 24

Epitheliochorial Diffuse Placentation

Question 25

PG600 is a combination of ____ and \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 25

PG600 is a combination of **_eCG_** and **_hCG_** ## Footnote *These have FSH and LH-like effects. They are combined to give the effects of GnRH. This combination was created specifically for pigs.*

Question 26

What is the prognosis associated with uterine prolapse in the sow?

Answer 26

**GRAVE** *These pigs are usually just euthanized*

Question 27

Pigs have ___ functional teats on each side

Answer 27

**Six (6)** ## Footnote *Three are cranial to the umbilicus*

Question 28

What are some delaying factors that contribute to the onset of puberty in the pig?

Answer 28

* **Confinement housing** * **Season (photoperiod, not temp)**

Question 29

What accessory sex glands are present in the boar?

Answer 29

**prostate, bulbourethral glands, seminal vesicles** *Do not have ampullae*

Question 30

T/F: Prostaglandins can be used to "short-cycle" pigs

Answer 30

**False** *CLs not responsive until after days 12-13. MRP usually comes right after that, so you don't really have the option of short-cycling them to get them to come back into heat*

Question 31

What signs are associated with porcine parvovirus?

Answer 31

* **SMEDI = stillbirths, mummies, embryonic death and infertility** * **Embryonic and fetal death with no maternal signs** * **Females may nest and get mammary development, but fail to farrow**

Question 32

After artificial insemination of the sow, you can rub their teats to stimulate \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 32

**uterine contractions** * This will help it move through the uterus* * If the female lays down during insemination, continue with procedure as she lays down. Slapping her to get her up inhibits the release of oxytocin and uterine contractions.*

Question 33

T/F: Corticosteroids are recommended compared to prostaglandins for induction of parturition in sows

Answer 33

**False** *Too much lag and poor piglet survival if given too early*

Question 34

What physical method is most commonly used for pregnancy diagnosis in pigs?

Answer 34

**ultrasound**

Question 35

The "back pressure test" is also known as the ________ response

Answer 35

**Lordosis response** *Put a boar in front of a sow, then put pressure on the back of the sow. If she moves forward, she's not in heat. If she stands still, then she is in heat.*

Question 36

Cherry red tissues from carboxyhemoglobin are associated with:

Answer 36

**carbon monoxide toxicity**

Question 37

What are some hastening factors that contribute to the onset of puberty in the pig?

Answer 37

* **Movement/mixing of females** * **Length of day - long** * **Boar effect**

Question 38

2^nd mating or artificial insemination is necessary in sows with positive back pressure test ____ hours after mating

Answer 38

**24 hours**

Question 39

Semen collection in the boar can be accomplished by three methods. What are they?

Answer 39

1. **Artificial vagina** 2. **Electro-ejaculator** 3. **Gloved hand method** 1. ​Preferred technique for semen collection in the boar

Question 40

T/F: Prevention/Treatment of Pseudorabies (Aujesky’s) in swine involves depopulation of the entire herd

Answer 40

**True!**

Question 41

Zearalenone causes __________ in pigs

Answer 41

**implantation failure** *Females exhibit signs of estrus, mammary development and vaginal discharge*

Question 42

This is the gold standard for measuring semen concentration in the boar:

Answer 42

**Hemacytometry**

Question 43

T/F: Pseudorabies (Aujesky’s) can be transmitted via semen in swine

Answer 43

**True**

Question 44

Diagnosis of porcine parvovirus is based mostly on:

Answer 44

**Clinical signs of increased irregular returns to estrus and increased mummies**

Question 45

What are the clinical signs associated with **encephalomyocarditis virus** in swine?

Answer 45

**reproductive failure, encephalitis, and myocarditis**

Question 46

\_\_\_\_ embryos must be present for maternal recognition of pregnancy in the sow

Answer 46

**four (4)** *Need a minimum of 4 embryos by day 11 to maintain pregnancy!!*

Question 47

For cesarean section in the pig, the horizontal incision is made parallel to underline. The vertical incision is made \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 47

**on the LEFT flank**

Question 48

As part of the breeding soundness exam in the boar, progressive motility of the sperm should be at least \_\_\_%

Answer 48

**70%**

Question 49

What are the two distinguishable forms of PRRS in pigs?

Answer 49

**reproductive failure** and **post-weaning respiratory disease** * *Reproductive failure: premature farrowings, inc. stillbirths/mummies, weak neonates, increased abortion.* * *Post-weaning respiratory disease: decreased average daily gain and increased mortality* *Should be easy to remember if you remember PRRS stands for Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome*