SYNOVIAL FLUID

Question 1

Formed as a non-selective ultrafiltrate of plasma across synovial membrane except for the exclusion of high molecular weight protein

Answer 1

Synovial fluid

Question 2

a.k.a Joint fluid

Answer 2

Synovial fluid

Question 3

“Synovial” = Latin word for ____ means

Answer 3

synovia
“egg or ovum”

Question 4

Viscous fluid circulating in diarthroses (movable joints)

Answer 4

Synovial fluid

Question 5

Synovial fluid viscosity comes from
____ and is essential for the proper joint lubrication

Answer 5

polymerization of the hyaluronic acid

Question 6

secrete a mucopolysaccharide
containing hyaluronic acid, and is responsible for viscosity

Answer 6

Synoviocytes

Question 7

Functions of Synovial Fluid

Answer 7

1. Lubricates joints
2. Reduce friction between bones
3. Provides nutrients to the articular cartilage
4. Lessen shock of joint compression occurring during activities such as walking and jogging

Question 8

Color/ Clarity of a NORMAL Synovial fluid

Answer 8

Colorless to pale yellow

Question 9

Color/ Clarity of Synovial fluid if there is WBC, Synovial cell debris, and fibrin

Answer 9

Turbid

Question 10

Color/ Clarity of Synovial fluid if there is Inflammation

Answer 10

Deeper yellow

Question 11

Color/ Clarity of Synovial fluid if there is Traumatic tap, hemorrhagic arthritis

Answer 11

Red

Question 12

Color/ Clarity of Synovial fluid if there is Crystals

Answer 12

Milky

Question 13

Specimen collection method for Synovial fluid

Answer 13

Arthrocentesis

Question 14

Preparation for collection of Synovial fluid:
If possible, patients should be fasting a minimum of ____ to
allow for the equilibration of
chemical constituents between plasma and synovial fluid (Brunzel,
3rd ed.)

Answer 14

4-6 hours

Question 15

Specimen collection volume:
Normal:
Inflammation:

Answer 15

Normal: 0.1 to 3.5 ml,
Inflammation: >25 ml

Question 16

Recommended tube types for Synovial fluid tests and Order of distribution

Answer 16

1. Chemistry and Serology: non-anticoagulated
2. Hematology and Cytology: sodium heparin or liquid EDTA
3. Microbiology: sterilized heparin or SPS

Question 17

Normal Viscosity is

Answer 17

able to form a string 46cm long

Question 18

Test for Viscosity

Answer 18

Ropes/ Mucin clot test (Hyaluronate
polymerization Test)

Question 19

Grading of Good for Viscosity

Answer 19

Solid clot

Question 19

Reagent used for Viscosity

Answer 19

uses 2-5 % acetic acid.
Which forms a solid clot surrounded by clear fluid in normal synovial fluid

Question 20

Grading of Fair for Viscosity

Answer 20

Soft clot

Question 21

Grading of Low for Viscosity

Answer 21

Friable clot

Question 22

Grading of Poor for Viscosity

Answer 22

No clot

Question 23

Test to positively identify a Synovial fluid

Answer 23

Ropes Test
Toluidine blue test

Question 24

1part of fluid + 4parts of 2%acetic
acid (check for clot)

Answer 24

Ropes Test

Question 25

a few drops of the suspect fluid are placed onto filter paper followed by 0.2% toluidine blue stain.

Answer 25

Toluidine blue test

Question 26

If the synovial fluid is present, the drops of fluid will stain

Answer 26

blue