Syntax

Question 1

syntax

Answer 1

how sentences and phrases can be constructed out of smaller phrases and words

Question 2

linguistic expression

Answer 2

words and phrases (ex. cake, out) (phrases ex. out the window, my cake)

Question 3

grammatical

Answer 3

when a string of words really does form a sentence of some language

Question 4

ungrammatical

Answer 4

if a string o words doesn’t forms a sentence

Question 5

grammaticality judgement

Answer 5

reflection of speaker’s mental grammar and not a test of their conscious knowledge of the prescriptive rules

Question 6

principle of compositionality

Answer 6

the fact that the meaning of a sentence depends on the meanings of he expressions it contains and on the way they are syntactically combined

Question 7

syntactic properties

Answer 7

properties of linguistic expressions that dictate how they can syntactically combine with other expressions, namely word order and co-occurance properties

Question 8

word order

Answer 8

the linear order in which words can occur in some phrasal expression. also the set of syntactic properties of expressions that dictates how they can be ordered with respect to other expressions

Question 9

co-occurance

Answer 9

the set of syntactic properties that determines which expressions may or have to co-occur with some other expressions in a sentence.

Question 10

complements

Answer 10

non-subject arguments

Question 11

argument

Answer 11

a linguistic expression that must occur in a sentence if some other expression occurs in that sentence as well. if the occurrence of x in a sentence requires the occurrence of an expression Y in that sentence, we say that y is an argument of x

Question 12

adjunct

Answer 12

a linguistic expression whose occurrence in a sentence is optional; also called modifier

Question 13

agreement

Answer 13

the phenomenon by which certain expressions in a sentence (ex. a verb and its subject) must be inflectionally marked for the same person, number, gender, etc.

Question 14

morphosyntax

Answer 14

the name for syntax and morphology considered jointly as a single component of grammar

Question 15

syntactic properties

Answer 15

properties of linguistic expressions that dictate how they can syntactically combine with other expressions, namely, word order and co-occurence properties

Question 16

cleft

Answer 16

type of sentence that has the general form it is/was x that y. it was Sally that I wanted to meet. Can be used as a constituency test.

Question 17

conjuncts

Answer 17

the arguments of coordinating conjunctions

Question 18

syntactic category

Answer 18

a group of expressions that have very similar syntactic properties. all expressions that belong to the same syntactic category have more or less the same syntactic distribution

Question 19

syntactic distribution

Answer 19

refers to the set of syntactic environments in which an expression can occur. if two expressions are interchangeable in all syntactic environments, we say that they have the same syntactic distribution, and therefore belong to the same syntactic category

Question 20

sentence

Answer 20

a syntactic category that consists of all phrasal expressions that can grammatically occur

Question 21

noun phrase

Answer 21

the name of a syntactic category that consists of proper names, pronouns, and all other expressions with the same syntactic distribution

Question 22

noun

Answer 22

the name of a lexical category and a syntactic category. morphologically consists of words to which the plural suffix -s or the suffix -like can be added. syntactically consists of expressions that can combine with determiners to their left, the resulting expression being of category noun phrase

Question 23

adjective

Answer 23

the name of a lexical category and a syntactic category. morphologically consists of words to which the comparative suffix -er or the suffix -ness can be added. syntactically the category consists of those expressions that can be noun adjuncts or occur in between a determiner an a noun

Question 24

verb phrase

Answer 24

he name of a syntactic category that consists of all expressions which if combined with a noun phrase to their left result in a sentence

Question 25

intransitive verb

Answer 25

the name for the set of lexical expression whose syntactic category is verb phrase

Question 26

distransitive verb

Answer 26

the name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that if combined with two expressions of category noun phrase to their right result in a verb phrase. a verb that needs two noun phrase complements

Question 27

sentential complement verb

Answer 27

the name of syntactic category that consists of those expressions that if combined with a sentence to their right result in a very phrase. a verb that needs a sentence as its complement

Question 28

adverb

Answer 28

the name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as quickly, well, furiously, etc. syntactically adverbs can be verb phrase adjuncts

Question 29

verb phrase adjuncts

Answer 29

a kind of adjunct that combines with an expression of syntactic category verb phrase with the resulting expression also being of category verb phrase

Question 30

preposition

Answer 30

name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as of, in, for, with, etc. syntactically, this category consists of those expressions that when combined with an expression of category noun phrase to their right result in an expression of category prepositional phrase

Question 31

prepositional phrase

Answer 31

the name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that contain a preposition and a noun phrase. can be verb phrase adjuncts or noun adjuncts.

Question 32

lexical entry

Answer 32

a representation of a lexical expression and its linguistic properties within a decriptive grammar of some language a collection of lexical enteries constitutues the lexicon. a lexical entry has the form f -> x, where f is the form of some particular lexical expression and x is its syntactic category

Question 33

phrase structure rule

Answer 33

a recipe for syntactically combining expressions of certain syntactic categories. along with the lexicon structure rules are a part of a descriptive grammar of some language.

Question 34

phrase structure tree

Answer 34

a visual representation of how phrases are constructed within a descriptive grammar, given the lexicon and the phrase structure rules

Question 35

ambiguity

Answer 35

the phenomenon by which a single linguistic form can be the form of more than one distinct linguistic expression. the form that is shared by more than one expression is said to be ambiguous.

Question 36

lexical ambiguity

Answer 36

the phenomenon where a single word is the form of two or more distinct linguistic expressions that differ in meaning or syntactic properties.

Question 37

homophony

Answer 37

phenomenon by which two or more distinct morphemes or non phrasal linguistic expressions happen to have the same form

Question 38

structural ambiguity

Answer 38

the phenomenon where a single string of words is the from of more than one distinct phrasal expression

Question 39

determiner

Answer 39

the name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expression such as the , a this, all, etc.

Question 40

transitive verb

Answer 40

the name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that it combined with an expression of category noun phrase to their right result in a ern phrase