Systems Lecture 2

Question 1

central sulcus

Answer 1

lateral line that separates frontal and parietal lobe

Question 2

Difference and similarities of anatomical references (directions) in bodies of animals and humans

Answer 2

humans have hinge so changes from brain to spinal cord; other animals don’t have this

Question 3

what is midsagittal view

Answer 3

cut down middle of brain between hemispheres

Question 4

what is horizontal view

Answer 4

cut parallel to floor

Question 5

what is a coronal cut

Answer 5

allows you to see both hemispheres of brain

Question 6

what does cortex mean

Answer 6

cerebrum

Question 7

what is the frontal lobe involved in

Answer 7

executive decisions, planning, short-term memory

Question 8

what is the temporal lobe involved in

Answer 8

thinking and long term memory; hearing

Question 9

what is the parietal lobe involved in

Answer 9

motor functions; sensory input; language and touch

Question 10

occipital lobe is involved in what

Answer 10

sight

Question 11

the cerebellum is involved in what

Answer 11

balance and coordination

Question 12

the brain stem is involved with

Answer 12

with breaking, heart rate and temperature

Question 13

parasympathetic is

Answer 13

rest and digest

Question 14

sympathetic is

Answer 14

flight or flight

Question 15

structural difference in sympathetic and parasympathetic

Answer 15

sympathetic- short connections to sympathetic chain - longer connections innervate body tissues - acetylcholine main NT for short connections
Norepinephrine or epinephrine are the NTs for the long connections

parasympathetic - only uses acetylcholine
first connections long, second short

Question 16

long, short connections in parasympathetic and sympathetic

Answer 16

sympathetic - short then long

parasympathetic - long then short

Question 17

neurotransmitters used by sympathetic and parasympathetic

Answer 17

sympathetic

• acetylcholine (short connections)
• epinephrine or norepinephrine (long connections)

parasympathetic
- acetylcholine

Question 18

where connections are made in spine for sympathetic and parasympathetic

Answer 18

sympathetic - lumbar and thoracic

parasympathetic - cranial and sacral

Question 19

afferent means

Answer 19

carry to

Question 20

efferent means

Answer 20

carry from

Question 21

dorsal root ganglia

Answer 21

sensory inputs, afferent

if cut dorsal, lose sensory input

Question 22

ventral root

Answer 22

motor, efferent, if cut lose motor responses

Question 23

what is the sagittal fissure

Answer 23

divides cortex into 2 hemispheres

Question 24

how many cranial nerves?

what are they part of?

Answer 24

12 pairs

PNS - source of neuronal connections

Question 25

ventricles have wheat in them

Answer 25

cerebral spinal fluid - CSF

Question 26

where is CSF manufactured

Answer 26

choroid plexus

Question 27

what is the meninges

Answer 27

protective coating on outside of brain

Question 28

what is meningitis caused by

Answer 28

bacteria causing inflammation beneath dura mater

Question 29

describe layers of meninges

Answer 29

``` dura mater (tough outer layer) subdural space - skinny arachnoid membrane (middle; highly vascularized) subarachnoid space (large) pita mater (small; inner most layer) ```

Question 30

structure imaging applications

Answer 30

- Computed tomography - magnetic resonance imaging - diffusion tensor imaging

Question 31

function imaging applications

Answer 31

- Positron emission tomography (sugar metabolism) - fMRI (glucose , blood flow) - EEG (electric charges, overall activity, not good resolution)