Systems Lecture 3

Question 1

what are sulci

Answer 1

small grooves in brain

Question 2

what are gyri

Answer 2

ridges of cortex

Question 3

what are fissures

Answer 3

large grooves in cortex

Question 4

differences in rat vs human brain

Answer 4

size, rat brain is smooth, more cerebral cortex in human brain (proportionally)
(cortex covers human cerebellum but not rat cerebellum)
- olfactory bulb in rats proportionally much bigger

Question 5

is the layout of the ventricles in human and rat brains the same

Answer 5

very similar

Question 6

how many synapses per cell in the cerebellum

Answer 6

200 000

Question 7

what type of cells are in the cerebellum

Answer 7

large perkinje cells

Question 8

what is the central sulcus

Answer 8

canyon running down top of brain which splits brain into quarters with longitudinal fissure

Question 9

where is the lateral fissure

Answer 9

between frontal and temporal lobe

Question 10

when memories come in how do they travel through brain

Answer 10

come in frontal love then hippocampus then cortex regions

Question 11

why is the third ventricle especially important

Answer 11

it is in the middle of brain; where hormones are released into bloodstream

Question 12

how can we see blockages in ventricles

Answer 12

inject chemical into large ventricles where CSF is, take many MRI photos

Question 13

what is the aqueduct

Answer 13

space in spinal cord containing CSF

Question 14

how are cells arranged in cortices (outer layer of cerebrum)

Answer 14

6 layers/ sheets

cells born lower down, newer cells at top, cells migrate up and then come down

Question 15

cell types of cortices

Answer 15

pyramidal and stellate

Question 16

describe pyramidal cells

Answer 16

large structures with long processes to make multiple connections with cells in different layers

Question 17

describe stellate cells

Answer 17

small cells in cortical layers; local connections within their layer

Question 18

how many layers of cortices has pyramidal cells

Answer 18

at least one

Question 19

what does it mean if pyramidal cells are in layer 4/ IV

Answer 19

the tissue of cortices is from sensory region of the brain

Question 20

what does it mean if pyramidal cells are in layer 5/ V

Answer 20

the tissue of cortices is from a motor region of the brain

Question 21

sensory and motor layers of the cortical layers

Answer 21

sensory - IV (4)

motor - V (5)

Question 22

where is the pia mater on the cortices

Answer 22

at the very top, covering layer 1

Question 23

what direction does the corpus collosum run? the other layer sf the cortices

Answer 23

corpus collosum - right to left

other layer - top to bottom

Question 24

what does a nissel stain stain

Answer 24

RNA and ribosomes

Question 25

what does a Golgi stain stain

Answer 25

every few amounts of cells

Question 26

what is the neocortex -

Answer 26

most recently evolved part of cortex in mammals - have to do with executive function - planning

Question 27

what is important about area 17 of brodmann's map

Answer 27

visual area, if damaged - blind even if everything else in tact right at back of brain receives input from visual areas

Question 28

numbering system of brodmann's map - lower numbers had ______ and higher numbers had ______

Answer 28

lower- more similarities | higher - more differences

Question 29

primary visual sensory areas

Answer 29

somatosensory: postcentral gyrus visual: posterior occipital lobe - first piece of cortex to receive info from visual system auditory: temporal lobe

Question 30

primary motor areas

Answer 30

precentral gyrus (area 4) association areas - largest part of human brain - has continued to take up more space across species - somatosensory, motor, vision (area 17) - thickness has not changed much across evolution

Question 31

differences in motor and sensory homunculus (small scary dudes)

Answer 31

ears in sensory- not motor genitals in sensory not motor lips in sensory are much bigger

Question 32

what is the superior temporal gyrus important for

Answer 32

language

Question 33

if you peel apart the lateral fissure what will you find underneath

Answer 33

insula

Question 34

what is a theorized function of the insula - by Crick before he died

Answer 34

consciousness

Question 35

what is the gustatory cortex next to

Answer 35

the insula

Question 36

what is the corpus collosum full of

Answer 36

many axons

Question 37

amygdala sits in front of what

Answer 37

hippocampus

Question 38

what is the vermis

Answer 38

a worm like structure in the middle/ medial of the cerebellum

Question 39

if the cerebrum and the cerebellum are both removed what can we see

Answer 39

``` eye movement structures thalamus midbrain pons superior and inferior colliculi ```

Question 40

what are the superior and inferior colliculus important for

Answer 40

visual input visual localization sound localization

Question 41

are structures in the midbrain uniform

Answer 41

no, if you take multiple cross sections of the midbrain you will see different structure and structures ending and beginning

Question 42

what are deep cellular nuclei important for

Answer 42

circadian rhythms, sleep

Question 43

where are the afferent and efferent connections on the spinal cord

Answer 43

on both sides

Question 44

dorsal = sensory/ motor?

Answer 44

sensory

Question 45

ventral = sensory/ motor?

Answer 45

motor