T4 Blueprint - Eye and Vision (Josh)

Question 1

Which types of veggies do we want them to eat?

Answer 1

red, orange, and dark green

Question 2

Snellen Chart assesses — —

Rosenbaum Pocket Chart assesses — —

Ishihara Chart assesses — —

Answer 2

visual acuity

near vision

color vision

Question 3

— is ideal refraction.

Answer 3

Emmetropia

Question 4

— is farsighted (can see far but not up close)

— is nearsighted (can so close but not far off)

Answer 4

Hyperopia

Myopia

Question 5

— is pupil constriction

— is pupil dilation

Answer 5

Miosis

Mydriasis

Question 6

— is uneven pupil sizes.

Answer 6

Anixicoria

Question 7

What are Age-related Structural changes of the eye?

Answer 7

Decreased muscle tone

Ectropion and dry eye

Acrus Senilis

Cornea flattens and has irregular surface

Changes in sclera color (bluish due to thinning or yellowish due to fat deposits)

Less ability to dilate pupil

Question 8

What are Age-related Functional changes to eye?

Answer 8

Yellowing

Accomodation gradually lost

Presbyopia (can’t see near)

Far Point decreases

Color perception decreases

IOP increases

Question 9

— measures IOP. What is normal IOP?

Answer 9

Tonometry

10-20 mmHg

Question 10

Fluorescein Angiography:

What should we teach client?

Answer 10

skin will be yellow

urine will be green

Question 11

— allows visualization of that angle where iris meets cornea and is used to evaluate glaucoma.

Answer 11

Gonioscopy

Question 12

What is a Hordeolum?

Answer 12

stye

Question 13

What is difference between a Hordeolum and a Chalazion?

Answer 13

Hordeolum (stye) is painful whereas a Chalazion will decrease in pain over time

Question 14

What is a Chalazion?

Answer 14

inflammation of sebacious gland of eye

Question 15

How can you cleanse eyelids that have Blepharitis?

Answer 15

diluted baby shampoo

Question 16

Conjunctivitis:

What is the chief cause of preventable blindness?

Answer 16

Trachoma

• chronic, bilateral scarring form of conjunctivitis

Question 17

Cataracts:

— begins at back of lens

— begins in center of lens

— begins in lens cortex and extends from outside of lens to center

Answer 17

Subscapular

Nuclear

Cortical

Question 18

Are Cataracts painful?

Answer 18

no

Question 19

Is redness associated with Cataracts?

Answer 19

no

Question 20

Cataracts:

What do we teach client after Phacoemulsification?

Answer 20

Antibioitics are given subconjuntivally

Eye is unpatched

Dark glasses required

Mild Itching normal

Pain means there are complications

Prevent infection

Avoid activities that increase IOP

Assess for bleeding

Question 21

Cataracts:

What are activities that increase IOP?

Answer 21

Bending from waist

Lifting object heavier than 10 lbs

Sneezing, Coughing

Blowing nose

Straining during BM

Vomiting

Sex

Keeping head in dependent position

Tight shirt collars

Question 22

Cataracts:

What should we teach client regarding cataracts?

Answer 22

Avoid heavy sun exposure

Manage diabetes

Avoid steroid use

Monitor for complications

Question 23

Cataracts:

What are complications associated with Cataracts or Cataract surgery?

Answer 23

Sharp, sudden eye pain

Bleeding or increased discharge

Lid swelling

Decreased vision

Flashes of light or floating shapes

Question 24

— is loss of peripheral vision

— is loss of central vision

Answer 24

Glaucoma

Macular Degeneration

Question 25

Glaucoma: What are the types?

Answer 25

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma (PACG)

Question 26

Glaucoma: --- has a gradual onset. --- has a sudden onset (emergency).

Answer 26

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma (PACG)

Question 27

Glaucoma: With ---, there is no pain at beginning (may have mild HA or eye pain later) With ---, there is sudden, severe pain.

Answer 27

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma (PACG)

Question 28

Glaucoma: What is the IOP of POAG? What is the IOP of PACG?

Answer 28

22-32 mmHg greater than 30 mmHg

Question 29

Glaucoma: --- has colored halos around the eyes.

Answer 29

PACG

Question 30

Glaucoma: --- has HA with N/V

Answer 30

PACG

Question 31

Glaucoma: What do we teach about Prostaglandins?

Answer 31

Pigmentation of eyes Really long eyelashes Speckles

Question 32

Glaucoma: What do we teach about Brimonidine Tartrate?

Answer 32

No MAOIs Wear Sunglasses Wait 15 mins after removing contacts

Question 33

Glaucoma: What do we teach about Timolol?

Answer 33

Check blood sugar Check pulse twice a day and notify if less than 58/min chronically

Question 34

Glaucoma: Side effects of Pilocarpine (Cholinergic Agonist)?

Answer 34

HA Flushing Increased saliva Sweating

Question 35

Glaucoma: What do we teach about Brinzolamide?

Answer 35

ask about Sulfa allergies Shake before use

Question 36

Eye Meds: How often are typically applied?

Answer 36

q 12 hrs

Question 37

Eye Meds: What do we do if more than one drop in each eye?

Answer 37

wait 10-15 mins b/t drops

Question 38

Eye Meds: How do we prevent systemic absorption of eye meds?

Answer 38

pressure to inner cannula

Question 39

Macular Degeneration: --- AMD is the gradual blockage of retinal cells and is ischemic and necrotic.

Answer 39

Dry

Question 40

Macular Degeneration: --- AMD is the growth of new blood vessels that leak blood and fluid.

Answer 40

Wet

Question 41

Macular Degeneration: What are Risk Factors?

Answer 41

Smoking HTN Female Family History Short body stature Diet low in carotene and Vit E

Question 42

Macular Degeneration: What is treatment for Dry AMD?

Answer 42

Antioxidants Vit B12 Carotenoids Vit E

Question 43

Macular Degeneration: What is treatment for Wet AMD?

Answer 43

Bevacizumab injections into vitreous chamber Laser therapy to seal leaking vessels

Question 44

What are S/S of Retinal Detachment?

Answer 44

Sudden flashes of light (photosia) Floating dark spots * **emergency * **SURGERY