TABLE 0.04$

Question 1

Define a Hadley Cell

Explain how it works

Answer 1

A Hadley Cell is a large-scale atmospheric convection current that transports heat from the tropics toward the poles, creating distinct weather patterns.

It works by warming and rising air at the equator, leading to cloud formation and rain, then cooling and flowing poleward in the upper atmosphere before sinking in subtropical regions and returning equatorward as trade winds. This cycle results in humid, rainy conditions near the equator and dry, arid conditions in the subtropics.

Question 2

Describe the difference between El Nino and La Nina referring to the wind

Answer 2

El Nino’s wind pattern goes from west to east, while La Nina goes from east to west in a stronger form than average.

Question 3

what is the main difference in climate and weather

Answer 3

climate is long term weather patterns
weather is the state of the atmosphere at a place and time as regards heat

Question 4

If the Earth is in El Nino, which direction is the thermocline sloped to?

Answer 4

East, towards South America

Question 5

Define the word Albedo

Answer 5

Albedo is the proportion of light that is reflected by a surface

Question 6

Define the word Insolation

Answer 6

Insolation is the amount of solar radiation reaching an area measured in Watts/m^2

Question 7

What is the hottest layer of Earth’s atmosphere?

Answer 7

The Thermosphere is the the hottest layer due to it’s high absorbtion of solar energy reaching up to 3,100F°

Question 8

What does ENSO stand for?

Answer 8

El Niño Southern Oscillation

Question 9

True or False: ENSO only affects weather patterns in the Pacific Ocean region.

Answer 9

False

Question 10

Which wind pattern is associated with El Niño conditions?

Answer 10

Weakening of the trade winds

Question 11

What is the primary effect of La Niña on global weather patterns?

Answer 11

Increased rainfall in the western Pacific and drier conditions in the eastern Pacific

Question 12

Which direction does the wind blow from 30° to 60°

Answer 12

west to east

Question 13

The eastern and western trade winds blow which direction?

Answer 13

They blow east to west.

Question 14

What regions are effected by El Niño

Answer 14

Latin America (especially the northern and southeastern parts), Southern Africa, and Southeast Asia

Question 15

What is the coldest layer of Earth’s atmosphere?

Answer 15

The Mesosphere is the the coldest layer due to it’s having the least density of molecules to absorb the sun reaching down to -150F°

Question 16

What regions are effected by La Niña

Answer 16

Southeast Asia, Australia.

Question 17

What is the primary process by which carbon is removed from the atmosphere?

Answer 17

Photosynthesis

Question 18

True or False: Nitrogen fixation is the process that converts atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form for plants.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

What are the three main processes of the carbon cycle?

Answer 19

Photosynthesis, respiration, and decomposition

Question 20

Which organisms are primarily responsible for nitrogen fixation?

Answer 20

Certain bacteria, including those in the root nodules of legumes

Question 21

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a key step in the phosphorus cycle?

A) Nitrification
B) Weathering
C) Denitrification
D) Photosynthesis

Answer 21

B) Weathering

Question 22

Short Answer: What is the role of decomposers in the nitrogen cycle?

Answer 22

Decomposers break down organic matter, releasing nitrogen back into the soil.

Question 23

True or False: Phosphorus is abundant in the atmosphere.

Answer 23

False

Question 24

What human activities can disrupt the nitrogen cycle?

Answer 24

Use of nitrogen-based fertilizers and fossil fuel use

Question 25

Define the three major types of boundaries relating to tectonic plates

Answer 25

1. Divergent boundary - when two plates move away from each other 2. Convergent boundary - when two plates push against each other 3. Transfrom pate boundary - when two plates are rubbed together through lateral movement of one

Question 26

Which areas most commonly experience natural events such as earthquakes and volcanoes

Answer 26

Areas on the globe where plates interact

Question 27

Volcanoes can only be caused by which types of tectonic movement?

Answer 27

Convergent (Continental-Oceanic and Oceanic-Oceanic) and Divergent

Question 28

What is a biome?

Answer 28

A biome is a large ecological area on the Earth's surface, with flora and fauna adapting to their environment.

Question 29

True or False: The tundra biome has the highest biodiversity.

Answer 29

False

Question 30

Fill in the blank: The _____ biome is characterized by low rainfall and high temperatures.

Answer 30

desert

Question 31

Which biome is known for its high tree density and diverse species?

Answer 31

tropical rainforest

Question 32

What are the two main factors that determine the type of biome?

Answer 32

climate and geography

Question 33

Multiple choice: Which of the following biomes has the coldest average temperatures? A) Desert B) Tundra C) Tropical rainforest

Answer 33

B) Tundra

Question 34

What is the primary characteristic of the savanna biome?

Answer 34

It has a mix of grasslands and scattered trees, with seasonal rainfall.

Question 35

True or False: Temperate forests experience four distinct seasons.

Answer 35

True

Question 36

Fill in the blank: The _____ biome is typically found near the equator and has a warm climate year-round.

Answer 36

tropical rainforest

Question 37

What type of climate is characteristic of the Mediterranean biome?

Answer 37

Hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters.

Question 38

Multiple choice: Which biome is most likely to experience permafrost? A) Grassland B) Tundra C) Desert

Answer 38

B) Tundra

Question 39

What is the primary vegetation type found in a chaparral biome?

Answer 39

Shrubs and small trees adapted to dry conditions.

Question 40

True or False: Freshwater biomes include rivers, lakes, and wetlands.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

What adaptation is common among plants in desert biomes?

Answer 41

Water storage in tissues.

Question 42

Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the boreal forest biome? A) Coniferous trees B) Cold temperatures C) High biodiversity

Answer 42

C) High biodiversity

Question 43

What is the difference between ecosystem and community?

Answer 43

Ecosystem has biotic and abiotic factors, community is all the living things.

Question 44

which type of organism interaction is positive for both species?

Answer 44

Mutualism

Question 45

What percentage of the energy is transferred in a food chain?

Answer 45

10%