Taste, Olfaction, Hearing & Equilibrium! Flashcards by Jessica Denker

Q

The chemical sense of gustation corresponds to?

A

Taste

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Q

The chemical sense of olfaction corresponds to?

A

Smell

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Q

The chemoreceptors of the chemical senses respond to chemicals in aqueous solution. What substance does taste dissolve in?

A

To substances dissolved in saliva

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Q

The chemoreceptors of the chemical senses respond to chemicals in aqueous solution. What substance does smell dissolve in?

A

To substances dissolved in fluids of the nasal

membranes

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Q

How many taste buds are found on the tongue?

A

10,000+

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Q

Where are taste buds found on the tongue?

A

Taste buds are found in papillae of the tongue mucosa

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Q

What are the three types of papillae?

A

Filiform
Fungiform
Circumvallate

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Q

Which paillae contain taste buds?

A

Fungiform papillae
Circumvallate papillae

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Q

Identify the taste bud

A

Circumvallate papilla

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Q

Identify the bud

A

Fungiform papillae

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Q

Identify Parts of the Taste Bud

A

Gustarory Hair

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Q

Identify Parts of the Taste Bud

A

Taste Pore

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Q

Identify Parts of the Taste Bud

A

Gustatory Receptor Cell

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Q

What are the five basic taste sensations?

A

Sweet
Salt
Sour
Bitter
Umami (savory)

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Q

What correlates with sweet?

A

Sugars, saccharin, alcohol, and some amino acids

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Q

What correlates with salt?

A

Metal ions

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Q

What correlates to sour?

A

Hydrogen ions

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Q

What correlates to bitter?

A

Alkaloids such as quinine and nicotine

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Q

What correlates to umami (savory)?

A

Elicited by the amino acid glutamate

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Q

What are the influences of other sensations on taste?

A

Thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, nociceptors also influence taste
Temperature and texture enhance or detract from taste

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Q

What is the organ of smell?

A

The organ of smell is the olfactory epithelium

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Q

Where is the organ of smell located?

A

The olfactory epithelium covers the superior nasal concha

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Q

What are olfactory receptor cells?

A

Bipolar neurons with radiating olfactory cilia

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Q

What surrounds/cushions olfactory receptor cells?

A

Supporting cells

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What are the three parts of the ear?

1. Inner ear 2. Middle ear 3. Outer ear

What parts of the ear of involved with hearing?

Outer and middle ear

What is the function(s) of the inner ear?

Hearing & equilibrium

Characteristics of the receptors for hearing and balance

* Respond to separate stimuli * Are activated independently

The auricle (pinna) is composed of?

The lobule (earlobe)

Characteristics of the external auditory canal

* Short * Curved tube * Filled with ceruminous glands

Characteristics of the typmanic membrane

* Known as the eardrum * Thin connective tissue membrane that vibrates in response to sound * Transfers sound energy to the middle ear ossicles * **Boundary between the outer and middle ears**

Characterisitcs of the Middle Ear (Tympanic Cavity)

* A small, air-filled, mucosa-line cavity * Flanked laterally by the eardrum * Flanked medially by the oval and round windows

Characteristics of the Eustachian tube

* Also known as the auditory tube * Connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx

Function of the Eustachian tube

Equalizes pressure in the middle ear cavity with the external air pressure

Olfactory Bulb

Olfactory Tract

Olfactory Gland

Olfactory Epithelium

Filaments of Olfactory Nerve

Olfactory Cilia

The Outer (External) Ear

Inner (internal) ear labryinth

The Middle Ear

Name the Structure

Tympanic membrane or eardrum

Name the structure

Ear ossicle the malleus

Name the structure

Ear ossicle incus

Name the structure

Ear ossicle the stapes

Name the structure

The cochlea

The semi-circular canals

Name the structure

The lobule

Helix

Name the structure

Auricle (pinna)

Name the structure

The external auditory canal

Name the structure

Eustachian tube or pharynotympanic tube

Name the Structure

Semi-circular canals

Name the structure

The vestibule

Name the structure

The vestibular nerve of cranial nerve VIII

The cochlear nerve of cranial nerve VIII

Name the structure

Cochlea

Name the structure

Pharyngotympanic or Eustachian tube

Name the structure

Round window

Name the structure

Oval window (deep to stapes)

Name the structure

Entrance to mastoid antrum in the epitympanic recess

Name the structure

External auditory canal

Name the structure

Tympanic membrane (ear drum)

Name the structure

Ossicle malleus

Name the structure

Ossicles incus

Name the structure

Ossicles stapes

Name the structure

Malleus

Name the structure

Incus

Name the structure

Stapes

Name the structure

Epitympanic recess

Name the structure

Tympanic membrane (ear drum)

Name the structure

Stapedius muscle

Name the structure

Tensor tympani muslce

Name the structure

Pharyngotympanic (Eustachian) tube