Taxonomy

Question 0

Who was Linnaeus?

Answer 0

botanist

Question 1

What did Aristotle do?

Answer 1

Devised “two kingdom” system that lasted 2,000 years.

Question 2

What language did Linnaeus choose?

Answer 2

Latin

Question 3

What naming system did Linnaeus come up with?

Answer 3

Binomial nomenclature

Question 4

What are the categories in order from greatest to least?

Answer 4

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum (Division)
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 5

What is the plantae kingdom?

Answer 5

multicellular, eukaryotic, stationary autotrophs

Question 6

What is kingdom Animalia?

Answer 6

multicellular, eukaryotic, mobile, heterotrophs

Question 7

What is fungi?

Answer 7

stationary heterotrophs (absorb nutrients) eukaryotes

Question 8

What is Protista often referred to as?

Answer 8

The Dumping Kingdom because if an organism doesn’t fit into any other classification it is “dumped” here

Question 9

What is Archaebacteria?

Answer 9

unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus)

Question 10

What is Eubacteria?

Answer 10

unicellular prokaryotes

Question 11

What kingdom is bacteria in?

Answer 11

Monera

Question 12

How are groups traditionally classified?

Answer 12

cell structure

Question 13

What is becoming increasingly more important regarding classification

Answer 13

DNA

Question 14

How are living things organized for study?

Answer 14

Biologists use a classification system to name organisms with a unioverally accepted name and they also group organisms in a logical manner-organisms placed into a particular group are more similar to one another than they are to organisms in other groups

Question 15

Describe the system for naming that Linnaeus developed

Answer 15

Each species is assigned a two part scientific name (binomial nomenclature) Genus species

Question 16

What are the 7 categories of Linnaeus’s classification system?

Answer 16

Speies, genus, family, order, class, phylum, and kingdom

Question 17

HOw is imformation about evolutionary relationships useful in classification?

Answer 17

Organisms are grouped according to evolutionary descent, not just physica appearances

Question 18

How are genes used to help scientists classify organisms?

Answer 18

Scientists compare the DNA of different organisms to establish similaritiees between them and reconstruct possible evolutionary elationships

Question 19

WHat is the principle behind cladistic analysis?

Answer 19

Cladistic analysis traces the process of evolution in a group of organisms by forcing on unique features that appear in some organisms but not others

Question 20

How have new discoveries in molecular biology affected the way in which we classify organisms compared with the system used by Linnaeus?

Answer 20

New ways of classifying organisms reflect evolutionary relationshis based on genetic similarities, whereas Linnaeus’s system of classifying was based on physical similarities between organisms.

Question 21

What are the 6 kingdomss f life as they are now identified?

Answer 21

Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia

Question 22

What are the 3 domains of life?

Answer 22

Archaea Bacteria and Eukarya

Question 23

WHy was the Kingdom Monera divided into 2 separate Kingdoms?

Answer 23

Scientists have come to recognize big differences between groups of Monerans. One ex: Eubacteria: cell walls with peptidoglycan. Archaebacteria: cell walls without peptidoglycan

Question 24

Why is Protista considered the odds and ends Kingdom?

Answer 24

Members of Protista display the greatest variety sharing characteristics with plants, fungi, or animals; protists cannot be classified in any other group

Question 25

Which kingdoms include only prokaryotes?

Answer 25

Archaebacteria and Eubacteria

Question 26

Which kingdoms include only Eukaryotes?

Answer 26

Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia

Question 27

What characteristics differentiate Fungi and PLantae

Answer 27

Plants are autotrophic and have cell walls of cellulose, Fungi are heterotrophs and have cell walls of chitin

Question 28

In which domain are organisms from the most extreme environments?

Answer 28

Archaea

Question 29

What do scientists conclude about the presence of myosin in both humans and yeast

Answer 29

they share a common ancestry

Question 30

What is the purpose of a dichotomous key?

Answer 30

A dichotomous key is a tool of paired statements that describe physical characteristics of different organisms to identify unknown organisms

Question 31

Taxonomy

Answer 31

scientists classify organisms and assign each a universally accepted name

Question 32

binomial nomenclature

Answer 32

2 word naming system,-developed by Carolus Linnaeus. Genus first- capitalized, species 2nd, lower case

Question 33

Genus

Answer 33

a group of closely related species

Question 34

Taxon

Answer 34

a level of organization in Taxonomy

Question 35

Family

Answer 35

group of related genera

Question 36

Order

Answer 36

broad taxonomic category composed of similar families

Question 37

Class

Answer 37

composed of similar orders

Question 38

Phylum

Answer 38

made up of several different classes

Question 39

Kingdom

Answer 39

largest and most inclusive of Linnaeus's categories

Question 40

Evolutionary classification

Answer 40

grouping organisms based on their evolutionary history

Question 41

Derived characters

Answer 41

characteristics that appear in recent parts of a lineage but not in its older members

Question 42

Cladogram

Answer 42

a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms, using derived characters

Question 43

Molecular clock

Answer 43

model that uses DNA comparisons to estimate the length of time that 2 species have been evolving independently based on the comparison of the accumulation of neutral mutations

Question 44

DOmain

Answer 44

more inclusive taxon or category than kingdom

Question 45

Bacteria

Answer 45

corresponds to the Kingdom Eubacteria

Question 46

Archae

Answer 46

corresponds to the Kingdom archaebacteria

Question 47

Eukarya

Answer 47

which is composed of Protists, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia

Question 48

Eubacteria

Answer 48

prokaryotic, ecologically diverse, cell walls contain peptidoglycan, some need oxygen, some do not, unicellular

Question 49

Archaebacteria

Answer 49

prokaryotic cell walls lack peptidoglycan live in extreme environments, unicellular

Question 50

Protista

Answer 50

eukaryoti, mostly unicellular, great variety, any eukaryotic orgnism that is not in fungi, plantae, or animalia

Question 51

Fungi

Answer 51

eukaryotic, heterotrophs only, most multicellular, cell walls of chitin, nonmotile

Question 52

Plantae

Answer 52

eukaryotic, autotrophs, multicellular, nonmotile

Question 53

Animalia

Answer 53

eukayotic, multicellular, heterotrophs, no cell walls

Question 54

Linnaeus

Answer 54

Swedish botanist, binomial nomenclature, 7 levels of taxonomy

Question 55

Aristotle

Answer 55

first scientist to classify- 2 kingdoms based on habitat or size