techniques

Question 1

agglutination

Answer 1

reactions between insoluble and soluble component

-takes place on the surface of something

Question 2

2 main steps of agglutination

Answer 2

sensitization
lattice formation

Question 3

sensitization stage

Answer 3

antigen and antibody combined through antigenic determinant sites

-rxn is rapid and reversible

Question 4

lattice formation

Answer 4

crosslinking that form visible agglutination you see

Question 5

too much antigen

Answer 5

post zone

Question 6

too much antibody

Answer 6

pro zone

Question 7

how to manipulate surface charge

Answer 7

add LIS - low ionic strength saline
albumin
enzymes

Question 8

drawback when testing for IgM

Answer 8

rheumatoid factor

Question 9

direct agglutination

Answer 9

antigens found on a particle

Question 10

hemagglutination

Answer 10

particle involved is a RBC

Question 11

passive/ indirect agglutination

Answer 11

particles are coated with antigen that is normally not found on them

Question 12

reverse passive

Answer 12

antibody is coated on a particle

Question 13

coagglutination

Answer 13

bacteria is inert particle to which a specific antibody is bound

-looking for antigen in patient serum

Question 14

most common coagglutination

Answer 14

staph aureus – stick to protein A and look for presence of Antigen

Question 15

one of first method used for hcg in urine

Answer 15

Agglutination inhabitation

Question 16

how does Agglutination inhabitation work

Answer 16

negative reaction (no agglutination) is actually positive

-add patient serum (with antigen) add this to an Ab

if Ag is present on = Ag-ab response
-readd Ab coated with antigen– no attachment so negative rxn

Question 17

what test use flocculation

Answer 17

RPR and VDRL (non-treponemal )

-this is a form of precipitation

antigen is lipid in nature– loose aggregates

Question 18

precipitation

Answer 18

coming together of 2 soluble components to form insoluble complex

-less sensitive than agg

Question 19

what type of rxn is precipitation

Answer 19

Secondary type reaction – because dependent on Ag-Ab coming together and then precipitating

Question 20

affinity

Answer 20

initial attraction

Question 21

avidity

Answer 21

strength of ag-ab

Question 22

turbidity measurements

Answer 22

often measured how light is scattered in a spec

measures: amount of cloudiness (Ag-ab response)

no Ag-ab response= a lot of light coming through

Question 23

nephelometry

Answer 23

Light scattered at an angle proportional to amount of Ag-Ab in a sample

-more complex= more scatter

detector at 90, 45 and straight line

Question 24

what is beer’s law

Answer 24

Relationship between absorption of light with a solution and the concentration of the solution

-used in photometric methods

Question 25

in beer's law, absorption is proportional to

Answer 25

concentration if certain parameters are met A1C1= A2C2 reverse is A=-log%T

Question 26

slope in beer's law

Answer 26

1 -works good when absorbance is less than 2