Terminology Lecture 1

Question 1

Disease

Answer 1

a pathological condition of the body that presents a group of symptoms peculiar to it and which sets the condition apart as an abnormal entity differing from other normal or pathological body states

Question 2

Pathology

Answer 2

study of the nature and cause of disease which involves changes in the structure and function

Question 3

Pathologic

Answer 3

diseased

Question 4

Pathogenesis

Answer 4

origination and development of diseased

Question 5

Etiology

Answer 5

the study of the causes of disease

Question 6

Etiologic (agent)

Answer 6

pertaining to the cause of disease

Question 7

Epidemiology

Answer 7

the study of population medicine

science concerned with defining and explaining the interrelationships of factors that determine disease frequency and distribution

Question 8

Koch’s Law

Answer 8

Determine cause and effect

criterion used in proving an organism is the cause of a disease or lesion

Question 9

Immunology

Answer 9

study of immune function

Question 10

Immunity

Answer 10

body’s defense against disease

Question 11

Pathogen

Answer 11

a microorganism or substance capable of causing disease

Question 12

Parasite

Answer 12

an organism that lives within, upon, or at expense of another organism, known ad the host, without contributing to the survival of the host

Question 13

Saprophyte

Answer 13

living or growing in decaying or dead matter

Question 14

Commensal

Answer 14

providing benefits to each other

one or two organisms which live in an intimate, non-parasitic relationship; symbiosis

Question 15

Zoonosis

Answer 15

a disease that is communicable between humans and animals under natural conditions

Question 16

Infectious disease

Answer 16

can be spread from one animal to another or acquired from the environment and involve a pathogenic agent

Question 17

Non-infectious disease

Answer 17

are caused by a variety of mechanisms, but do not involve a pathogenic agent (ex. Ketosis)

Question 18

List some Non-infectious diseases

Answer 18

Metabolic disturbances
Nutritional imbalances
Hormonal disturbances
Inherited disorders
Toxic substances (lead, ingestion of toxic plants)

Question 19

Incubation period

Answer 19

the interval between the introduction of a pathogenic agent into the body and the occurrence if observable symptoms of the disease (2 days to 3 weeks)

No recognizable symptoms, but can still transmit disease = quarantine 3 weeks

Question 20

Morbidity

Answer 20

The number (%) of a herd or flock which show symptoms of the disease in the face of an outbreak

Question 21

Mortality

Answer 21

The number(%) of a herd or flock which die from the disease

Question 22

List some infectious disease agents

Answer 22

Parasited
Bacteria
Viruses
Rickettsia
Chlamydia
Mycoplasma

Question 23

DAMNNIITT scheme

Answer 23

Degenerative
Anomalous
Metabolic
Nutritional
Neoplasia
Infectious
Inherited
Traumatic
Toxic

Question 24

Predisposing causes of disease

Answer 24

Stress
Age 
Nutritional
Heredity
Breed 
Genus
Sex

Question 25

Stress

Answer 25

the most important cause. Stress causes: heat/cold, inclement weather, poor shelter, poor nutrition/starvation, transportation, sever exercise, weaning, abuse, changes in feed, anxiety, fear and pain

Question 26

Age

Answer 26

younger animals are usually more susceptible due to lower degree of immunity

Question 27

Nutritional

Answer 27

lack of adequate nutrition results in lessened ability yo withstand exposure to pathogens and increases incidence of metabolic disease. Lack of certain minerals = disease

Question 28

Heredity

Answer 28

Hernia, crytorchidism, dwarfism, hydrocephalus

Question 29

Breed

Answer 29

skin pigmentation, photosensitization, squamous cell carcinoma

Question 30

Genus

Answer 30

hog cholera only in pigs

Question 31

Sex

Answer 31

Erysipelas only in male turkeys

Question 32

Geographical

Answer 32

soil conditions, wet/dry, acid/alkali, can dictate occurrence of certain diseases. Deficient soils can result in deficient forages

Question 33

Weather

Answer 33

Frost on plants can lead to higher occurrence of bloat

Question 34

Seasonal

Answer 34

Grass tetany in Spring/Fall. Plant poisoning in pastures occur certain times of the year

Question 35

Age group

Answer 35

Young animals more susceptible to enteric disease. E coli, coccidiosis, salmonellosis

Question 36

Confinement

Answer 36

Close confinement accelerates exposure and incidence of disease

Question 37

Exposure to pathogenic agents

Answer 37

some diseases are endemic to an area and occur on a yearly or regular basis unless preventative measures are taken. Introduction of affected animals into a herd or area can initiate occurrence of disease.

Question 38

Examples of Occurrence, Prevalence and Incidence of disease

Answer 38

``` Geographical Weather Seasonal Age group Confinement Exposure to pathogenic agents ```

Question 39

Example of Modes of transmission of infectious agents

Answer 39

Sexual contact Excretions: Urine/ feces Secretions: vaginal, rectal, lacrimal, nasal, mammary, salivary Parasites: Internal/External Contaminated food and water Airborn Animal vectors: Rabies, west nile virus, EPM Fomites: corrals, buckets, etc. Humans: wash hands, change coveralls, etc

Question 40

Modes of entry

Answer 40

``` Ingestion Inhalation Genitourinary tract Teat canal Mucous membranes Wounds Insect bites ```