Test #1 Chapter 2

Question 1

Communication and Self-Concept?

Answer 1

-Is the relatively stable set of perceptions you hold of yourself.
-Self esteem.
-Self compassion.
-Self Control

Question 2

Positive cycle

Answer 2

1.high self esteem
2.Positive thoughts
3.Desirable behavior
4.positive thoughts (repeat)

Question 3

Negative cycle

Answer 3

1. Low self esteem
2. Negative thoughts
3. Undesirable behavior
4. Negative thoughts (repeat)

Question 4

Define Reflected Appraisal:

Answer 4

Everyone’s self concept is shaped by reflected appraisal—that is, perceptions of the judgments of those around them.

Question 5

Define Social comparison:

Answer 5

the way in which we view ourselves depending on how we compare ourselves to others

Question 6

reference groups—

Answer 6

others against whom we evaluate our own characteristics.

Question 7

self-concept development in context

Answer 7

• It’s important to consider other forces that are larger than our; family, friends, immediate community.

-Language and idenity.
-Cultural Values and Norms.

Question 8

Define individualistic culture-

Answer 8

view their primary responsibility as helping themselves

Question 9

Define collectivistic culture-

Answer 9

feel loyalties and obligations to in-groups: extended family, the community, or even the organization

Question 10

Characteristics of self the self-concept

Answer 10

-The Self-Concept Is Subjective
-The Self-Concept Resists Change
-A Healthy Self-Concept Is Flexible

Question 11

Obsolete information Effects

Answer 11

of past failures in school or social relationships can linger long after they have occurred even though they don’t predict failure in the future. Likewise your past successes don’t guarantee future success

Question 12

Define self-fulfilling prophecy–

Answer 12

personality that not only determines how you see yourself in the present, but also can actually affect your future behavior and that of others.

occurs when a person’s expectations of an event and her or his subsequent behavior based on those expectations make the outcome more likely than it would otherwise be. Such prophecies can be self-imposed (influenced by your own behavior) or governed by the behavior of others.

Question 13

Define Self-imposed prophecies-

Answer 13

Are ones that influence your behavior

Stage 1: holding an expectation
Stage 2: behaving in accordance with that expectation
Stage 3: expectation coming to pass
Stage 4: These investigators suggest that our expectations about social media and interpersonal relationships influence the outcomes of our online interactions.

Question 14

impression management-

Answer 14

the communication strategies that people use to influence how others view them.

Question 15

perceived self-

Answer 15

is the person you believe you are in moments of honest self-examination.

Question 16

presenting self

Answer 16

-is a public image—the way we want to appear to others.

-The perceived self is called “private” because you’re unlikely to reveal all of it to another person.

Question 17

face

Answer 17

to describe this socially approved identity, and he coined the term facework to describe the verbal and nonverbal ways in which we act to maintain our own presenting image and the images of others.

Question 18

facework

Answer 18

to describe the verbal and nonverbal ways in which we act to maintain our own presenting image

Question 19

Characteristics of Impression Management

Answer 19

-We Strive to Construct Multiple Identities.
-Identity Management Is Collaborative.
-Identity Management Can Be Deliberate or Unconscious.
-People Differ in Their Degree of Identity Management

Question 20

Why Manage Impressions?

Answer 20

-Social rules govern our behavior in a variety of settings.
-being completely open about our identities may create risks

Question 21

How Do We Manage Impressions?

Answer 21

the answer depends in part on the communication channel

-chosen Face-to-Face Impression Management
-Impression Management in Mediated Communication

Question 22

Identity Management and Honesty

Answer 22

-Managing your online identity helps to protect your privacy and security.
-being more attentive than you feel like being.
-Deceitful.
-It’s an oversimplification to say that there is only one honest way to behave in each circumstance.

Question 23

Disclosing the self ?

Answer 23

communication to be considered self-disclosing, it must contain personal information about the sender and be purposefully communicated verbally to another person.

^^ignores the fact that some messages intentionally directed toward others are not especially revealing

Question 24

Self-Disclosure Factors

Answer 24

Honesty
Depth
Availability of Information
Context of Sharing
–We can summarize our definitional tour by saying that self-disclosure

(1) has the self as subject,
(2) is intentional,
(3) is directed at another person,
(4) is honest,
(5) is revealing,
(6) contains information generally unavailable from other sources, and
(7) gains much of its intimate nature from the context and culture in which it is expressed.

Question 25

breadth

Answer 25

the range of subjects being discussed.

Question 26

depth

Answer 26

he shift from relatively unrevealing messages to more personal ones.

Question 27

Degrees of self-Disclosure: The social penetration model

Answer 27

Depending on the breadth and depth of information shared, a relationship can be defined as casual or intimate

Question 28

Awareness to self-disclosure:The Johari Window Model

Answer 28

The relative size of each area in our personal Johari Window changes from time to time according to our moods, the subject we’re discussing, and our relationship with the other person.

Question 29

Benefits and Risks of Self-Disclosure

Answer 29

-self-disclosure is a key factor in relationship development. -relationships suffer when people keep important information from each other. -privacy management to describe the choices people make to reveal or conceal information about themselves.

Question 30

Benefits of Self-Disclosure

Answer 30

Catharsis-revealing thoughts, feelings, and emotions to release emotional burden. Self-Clarification Self-Validation Reciprocity Impression Management Maintenance and Enhancement of Relationships Moral Obligation

Question 31

The Risks of Self-Disclosure

Answer 31

Rejection. Negative Impression. Decrease in Relational Satisfaction Loss of Influence Loss of ControlHearing the other person

Question 32

Alternatives to Self-Disclosure

Answer 32

Silence to secrecy Lying Equivocation Hinting The Ethics of Evasion

Question 33

benevolent lie

Answer 33

is defined as one that is not malicious—and perhaps is even helpful to the person it’s told to.

Question 34

Equivocation-

Answer 34

giving a response that has two or more equally plausible meanings

Question 35

Hinting-

Answer 35

making a face-saving remark designed to get a desired response

Question 36

The Ethics of Evasion-

Answer 36

the morality of a speaker’s motives for lying, not the deceptive act itself, ought to be judged.

Question 37

Guidelines for disclosure

Answer 37

Is the Other Person Important to You? Is the Risk of Disclosing Reasonable? Is Self-Disclosure Appropriate? Is the Disclosure Reciprocated? Will the Effect Be Constructive?