Test 2a Flashcards
1
Q
Spine and skull form the longitudinal axis of the body
A
Axial skeleton
2
Q
The bones of our limbs and girdles (pelvic/shoulder)
A
Appendicular skeleton
3
Q
5 functions of the skeletal system
A
support, protection, movement, storage, blood cell formation
4
Q
What two minerals does the bone store?
A
calcium, phosphorus
5
Q
Formation of blood cells within the marrow cavities of bones
A
Hematopoiesis
6
Q
How many bones are there?
A
206
7
Q
Two types of bone tissue
A
Compact, spongy
8
Q
What is spongy bone also known as?
A
Cancellous bone
9
Q
What form the beam-like network in spongy bone?
A
Trabeculae
10
Q
What are the open spaces of spongy bone filled with?
A
Marrow
11
Q
What classifies a long bone as a long bone
A
Longer in length than in width
12
Q
How many ends does a long bone have
A
2
13
Q
Long bones have _____ bone on the outside and _____ in the inside
A
Compact, spongy
14
Q
What shape are short bones?
A
Cube
15
Q
What kind of bone is short bone mostly made of?
A
Spongy
16
Q
How many layers of compact bone do flat bones have?
A
2
17
Q
What is in the inside of a flat bone?
A
Spongy bone
18
Q
3 examples of long bones
A
Limbs, metatarsals, metacarpals
19
Q
3 examples of short bones
A
carpals, tarsals, sesmoids
20
Q
3 examples of flat bones
A
skull, ribs, sternum
21
Q
2 exmaples of irregular bones
A
Pelvis, vertebrae
22
Q
The shaft of a long bone
A
Diaphysis
23
Q
Fibrous connective tissue covering the shaft of a long bone
A
Periosteum
24
Q
Fibers of connective tissue that secure periosteum to long bones
A
Sharpey’s fibers
25
Ends of a long bone
Epiphysis
26
Covers external surface of epiphysis of a long bone
Articular cartilage
27
The remnant of epiphyseal growth plate of a long bone
Epiphyseal line
28
A growth plate found in young growing bones that causes lengthwise growth of bones
Epiphyseal plate
29
Hollow inside of bone shaft of a long bone
Medullary canal (or cavity)
30
What does the medullary canal store?
Fat or yellow marrow
31
In infants, what's on the inside of the medullary canal?
Red marrow (where blood cells are produced)
32
In adults, what's on the inside of the medullary canal
Red marrow (blood cells formation is in the spongy bone of flat bones and epiphyses)
33
True or false: compact bones have passageways for nerves and blood vessels carrying nutrients and acts as a removal route for waste products
True
34
Mature bone cells
Osteocytes
35
House bone cells
Lacunae
36
Concentric rings of lacunae found around the central Haversian canal
Lamellae
37
Minute canals radiating in all directions from lacunae
Canaliculi
38
Central, longitudinal canals of bones that carry blood vessels
Hayersian canal
39
Horizontal canals of bones that carry blood vessels and connect osteons to the medullary cavity
Volkman canal
40
Complex consisting of central canal and matrix rings
Osteon
41
Large, rounded bone projection
Tuberosity
42
4 places tuberosities are found
Tibia, ischium, humerus, radius
43
Small rounded bone projection
Tubercle
44
2 places tubercles are found
Humerus, femur
45
Prominent narrow bone ridge
Crest
46
3 places crests are found
Tibia, ilium, sacrum
47
Large, blunt, irregularly shaped bone prominence
Trochanter
48
1 place where trochanters are found
Femur
49
Large, rounded weight bearing surface of bone
Condyle
50
3 places condyles are found
Humerus, femur, tibia
51
Small, rounded projection on surface of condyle
Epicondyle
52
Sharp, slender, pointed bone projection
Spine
53
3 places spines are found
Scapula, ischium, ilium
54
Projection for joint that's described as having a narrow neck
Head
55
4 places joint heads are found
Femur, humerus, radius, fibula
56
Projection for joint that's described as a smooth, flattened surface
Facet
57
2 places joint facets are found
ribs, vertebrae
58
Projection for joint that's described as a arm-like bar
Ramus
59
3 places where joint ramuses are found
mandible, ischium, pubis
60
Canal-like passage
Meatus
61
Example of meatus
Ear canal
62
Cavity filled with air within a bone
Sinus
63
3 examples of sinuses
Frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid sinuses
64
Shallow depression
Fossa
65
2 examples of fossae
scapula, skull
66
Furrow
Groove
67
example of groove
Mandible
68
Narrow, slit-like opening
Fissure
69
example of fissure
eye sockets
70
round oval opening through bone
Formane
71
4 examples of foramens
skull, vertebrae, pelvis, sacrum
72
2 sets of bones skull is formed from
Cranium, facial bones
73
How many bones make up the cranium
8 flat bones
74
Name 8 bones of cranium
Frontal, parietal (2), temporal (2), occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid
75
4 sutures of cranium
Coronal, sagittal, squamous, lambdoid
76
Fibrous membranes that have not yet converted to bone but connect cranial bones
Fontaneis
77
How many facial bones are there
14
78
Name the facial bones
Maxillae (2), palatine (2), zygomatic (2), lacrimal (2), nasal (2), vomer, inferior nasal conchae (2), mandible)
79
Upper jaw
Maxillae
80
Rim of bone of teeth
Alveolar margins
81
Form the hard palate
Palatine bones
82
Form cheek bones and lateral wall of eye socket
Zygomatic bones
83
Form medial wall of eye socket
Lacrimal bones
84
Forms bridge of nose
Nasal bones
85
FOrms medial bony nasal septum
Vomer
86
Forms the lateral walls of nasal cavity
Inferior nasal conchae
87
Largest and strongest bone of the face
Mandible
88
Only bone that does not attach directly to another bone
Hyoid bone
89
What does the hyoid bone do?
Forms moveable base for tongue
90
How many bones make up the spine
26
91
What are the 26 bones of the spine
24 singular vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx
92
How many cervical bones
7
93
How many thoracic bones
12
94
How many lumbar bones
5
95
How many fused bones make up the sacrum
5
96
How many fused bones make up the coccyx
4
97
2 functions of normal spinal curvatures
Absorb shock, provide flexibility
98
Weight bearing disc of bone on the anterior side of vertebral bone
Vertebral body
99
Ring of bone formed posterior to vertebral body
Vertebral arch
100
Opening through which the spinal cord passes
Vertebral foramen
101
Two lateral projections from vertebral arch
transverse process
102
single projection at posterior vertebral arch (fused lamina)
Spinous process
103
Pair projections that form joints with adjacent vertebrae above and below
Superior and inferior articular processes
104
Narrowing of the spinal canal, compressing spinal cord
Spinal stenosis
105
Congenital malformation of midline spinal column; failure of bony fusion between 2 lamina of all involved vertebrae
Spina bifida
106
Found in between vertebral bones to absorb shock and allow flexibility
Intervertebral discs
107
What percent of intervertebral discs is water
90%
108
Outside of intervertebral disc
Fibrous annulus
109
Inside of intervertebral disc
Nucleus pulposus
110
Vertebral column not stacked correctly
Spondylolisthesis
111
Protects heart, lungs, and major vessels and is composed of thoracic vertebrae, ribs, and sternum
Thoracic (rib) cage
112
3 bones that make up sternum
Manubrium, body of sternum, xiphoid
113
How many pairs of ribs
12
114
ribs 1-7 are known as ____ ribs
True
115
WHat makes a rib a true rib
Directly attached to sternum
116
ribs 8-12 are ____ ribs
false
117
WHat makes a rib a false rib
Attach to cartilage, then to base of sternum
118
ribs 11-12 are ____ ribs
floating
119
what makes a rib a floating rib
Above kidneys, floating in back
