Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy > Test 4a > Flashcards

Test 4a Flashcards

1
Q

What constitutes the cardiovascular system?

A

Heart and all blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

4 things that the cardiovascular system transports to main homeostasis

A

Oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

Mediastinum in the middle of the chest cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The more pointed end of the heart

A

Apex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where does the apex point?

A

Diagonally down to the left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The upper posterior portion

A

Base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Outer protective layer formed of fibrous tissue

A

Pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the pericardium do?

A

Helps to keep heart anchored to surrounding structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the pericardium anchor to?

A

Sternum and diagphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Protective layer surrounding the heart that is deep to fibrous pericardium

A

Serous pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The two layers of the serous pericardium

A

Parietal layer, visceral layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Outer most layer in contact with the fibrous pericardium

A

Parietal layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Inner most layer that is actually apart of the heart wall

A

Visceral layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is between the parietal and visceral layer?

A

Serous fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What produces serous fluid?

A

Pericardial membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

3 layers of the heart wall

A

Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Outer layer that is also the same as the visceral layer of membrane covering the heart

A

Epicardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Thick cardiac muscle bundles that are arranged in a twisted, ring-like manner

A

Myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Thin endothelium that lines the four heart chambers

A

Endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which layer of the heart wall contracts?

A

Myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

4 chambers of the heart

A

2 atria, 2 ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are atria and ventricles lined with to assist with smooth blood flow?

A

Endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Top chambers of the heart that receive blood from periphery

A

Atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Lower chambers of the heart that disperse blood back to circulate to the body

A

Ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Wall that divides the heart longitudinally into left and right
Septum
26
Two septums of the heart
Interventricular septum, interatrial septum
27
Right side heart function
Pumps blood to lungs for exchange of gases
28
Left side heart function
Pumps blood to periphery to distribute needed substances to cells and pick up waste products
29
Carries oxygen poor blood from upper body to right atria
Superior venae | cavae
30
Carries oxygen poor blood from lower body to right atria
Inferior venae cavae
31
How does right atria receive blood?
Through valve in right ventricle
32
From right ventricle where does blood go?
Through valve into pulmonary trunk
33
From pulmonary trunk where does blood go?
Divides in right and left pulmonary arteries
34
From pulmonary arteries where does blood go?
Lungs
35
What occurs in the lungs?
Gas exchange in capillaries
36
From lungs, where does blood go?
Returns to heart via pulmonary veins
37
From pulmonary veins where does blood go?
Left atria
38
From left atria where does blood go?
Through valve to left ventricle
39
From left ventricle where does blood go?
Through valve to aorta
40
Technical term for circulation through right side of the heart, to the lungs, and back to the heart
Pulmonary circulation
41
Technical term for circulation through left side of the heart and out into the periphery
Systemic circulation
42
What is the purpose of the 4 heart valves?
Prevent back flow of blood as it travels through the four chambers of the heart
43
How many flaps/cusps does the right AV valve have?
3 (tricuspid)
44
How many flaps/cusps does the left AV valve have?
2 (bicuspid)
45
What is the left AV valve also known as?
Mitral valve
46
Tiny cords that anchor the valves cusps to the walls of the ventricles
Chordae tendinae
47
Projections of cardiac muscle that terminate in the chordae tendineae
Papillary muscle
48
Where are the relaxed valves during filling time?
Hanging down into ventricles
49
Located between the ventricles and the large vessels exiting the ventricles
Semilunar valves
50
How many cusps/leaflets do semilunar valves have?
3
51
Valve located at the base of pulmonary trunk
Pulmonary semilunar valve
52
Valve located at the base of the aorta
Aortic semilunar valve
53
____ valves open during heart relaxation and close during ventricular contraction; ____ valves closed during heart relaxation and open during ventricular contraction
AV, semilunar
54
"Lub"
Closing AV valves
55
"Dub"
Closing of semi-lunar valves
56
Our blood volume
6 liters
57
How many times a day does heart pump out 6 liters a day?
1000
58
What is heart activated regulated by?
Autonomic nervous system and intrinsic conduction (nodal system)
59
Special tissue that is a combination of nervous and muscle tissue that causes depolarization in 1 direction
Nodal system
60
Where does the intrinsic electrical conduction system begin?
Sinoatrial node (pacemaker)
61
Rapid heart rate
Tachycardia
62
Slow heart rate
Bradycardia
63
Systole
Contraction
64
Diastole
Relaxation
65
Measure of blood pressure
Systolic pressure / Diastolic pressure
66
3 components of heart cycle
Mid-to-late diastole, Ventricular systole, Early diastole
67
During mid-to-late diastole, what is the pressure like?
Low
68
Where is blood during mid-to-late diastole
Into atria, through atria, and into ventricles from both right and left sides
69
What are the valves doing during mid-to-late diastole?
Semilunar valves closed, AV valves open
70
What happens to ventricular pressure once ventricular contraction begins?
Increases, closing the AV valves
71
What happens when ventricular pressure continues to increase?
Semilunar valves forced open
72
What happens when semilunar valves open?
Blood rushes out of ventricles
73
During early diastole, what happens to ventricles?
Relax
74
During early diastole, what happens to semilunar valves?
Close
75
What is the pressure in ventricles during early diastole?
Lower
76
What does lower pressure in ventricles cause?
AV valves opening
77
What oxygenates heart tissue?
Right and left coronary arteries
78
Where are the right and left coronary arteries?
Branch off aorta and encircle the heart at junction of atria and ventricles
79
What does left coronary artery branch into?
Circumflex artery and left anterior descending (LAD)
80
Chest pain caused when the myocardium is deprived of oxygen?
Angina
81
Prolonged deprivation of oxygen where cells may die
Infarct
82
Death of heart tissue (aka heart attack)
Myocardial infarction
83
How are heart attacks detected?
EKG changes and cardiac enzyme changes
84
What are blood vessels also known as?
Vascular system
85
General schematic of blood flow:
Blood leaves heart in arteries -> arterioles -> capillaries -> venules -> veins -> re-enter heart
86
3 layers of blood vessel walls
Tunica intima, Tunica media, Tunica externa
87
Inner most layer of blood vessel walls
Tunica intima
88
What is tunica intima composed of?
Thin endothelium layer
89
2 functions of tunica intima
Provides slick surface, decreases friction of blood flow
90
Middle layer of blood vessel walls
Tunica media
91
What is tunica media composed of?
Smooth muscle and elastic fibers
92
What is tunica media's smooth muscles controlled by?
Sympathetic nervous system that changes diameter of vessel
93
Most external layer of blood vessel walls
Tunica externa
94
What is tunica externa made of?
Fibrous connective tissue
95
Function of tunica externa
Supports vessels walls

Anatomy (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions