Test 1a Flashcards
1
Q
Study of structure and function as they relate to the practice of medicine and other health sciences
A
clinical anatomy
2
Q
study of structural changes in the body throughout the life span
A
developmental anatomy
3
Q
study of the development of an embryo
A
embryology
4
Q
Study of human movement
A
Kinesiology
5
Q
4 types of tissues
A
epithelial, connective, muscular, neural
6
Q
Two or more tissues that perform a common function
A
organ
7
Q
group of organs that work together for a common purpose
A
organ system
8
Q
how many organs does the human body contain?
A
11
9
Q
5 characteristics of anatomical position
A
erect, feet parallel, arms to sides, palms facing forward, thumbs pointing away from body
10
Q
Cut lengthwise, diving the body into anterior and posterior parts
A
coronal plane
11
Q
cut lengthwise, dividing the body into right and left parts
A
Sagittal plane
12
Q
Directly in the middle of the body
A
Midsagittal
13
Q
Cut dividing the body into superior and inferior parts
A
Transverse plane
14
Q
Opposite of anterior
A
posterior
15
Q
Opposite of ventral
A
dorsal
16
Q
Opposite of superior
A
inferior
17
Q
Opposite of cranial
A
caudal
18
Q
Opposite of lateral
A
medial
19
Q
Opposite of proximal
A
distal
20
Q
Opposite of superficial
A
deep
21
Q
What does anterior refer to
A
front
22
Q
What does posterior refer to
A
back
23
Q
What does ventral refer to
A
back
24
Q
What does dorsal refer to
A
belly
25
What does superior refer to
top
26
What does inferior refer to
bottom
27
What does cranial refer to
head
28
What does caudal refer to
tail
29
What does lateral refer to
side
30
What does medial refer to
down the middle
31
What does proximal refer to
closer to trunk
32
What does distal refer to
further from trunk
33
What does superficial refer to
surface
34
What does deep refer to
below surface
35
A hollowed structure
body cavity
36
Cavity that contains the brain
cranial cavity
37
Cavity that contains the spinal cord
spinal cavity
38
Cavity that contains heart and lungs
thoracic cavity
39
Cavity that contains stomach, liver, intestines
Abdominal cavity
40
Cavity that contains bladder, rectum, reproductive organs
Pelvic cavity
41
Function of nervous tissues
Control
42
Function of muscular tissues
movement
43
Function of connective tissues
support
44
Function of epithelium tissues
cover
45
Specialized cells of the nervous system that transmit messages
Neurons
46
Two major functions of nervous tissues
excitability and conductivity
47
3 types of muscle tissue
skeletal, cardiac, smooth
48
6 characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue
Voluntarily controlled, striated, multi-nucleated, long cylindrical shape, attached to skeleton, contracts quickly
49
7 characteristics of cardiac muscle tissue
involuntary, striated, uni-nucleated, short branching cells, have intercalated disks, contracts quickly, only found in heart
50
Main characteristic of connective tissue
protect, support, and binds together other tissues
51
Living cells surrounded by a non-living ground substance and fibers found outside cells
extra-cellular matrix
52
3 types of fiber types
collagen, elastic, reticular
53
Fiber that functions in strength
collagen
54
Fiber that functions in stretch and recoil
elastic
55
Fiber that functions in internal skeleton
reticular
56
5 types of connective tissue
Bone, cartilage, dense connective tissue, loose connective tissue, blood
57
Mature bone cells that sit inside lacunae
Osteocytes
58
What type of substance makes up hard matrix that surrounds osteocytes
calcium salts, collagen fibers
59
A resilient, semi-rigid form of connective tissue
cartilage
60
Mature cartilage cells that occur in spaces called lacunae
chondrocytes
61
What type of substance makes up hard matrix that surrounds condrocytes
collagen and elastic fibers
62
What type of cartilage is most abundant
Hyaline
63
4 places hyaline cartilage is found
Ends of long bones, ventral ends of ribs, nose trachea larynx bronchi bronchioles, embryonic skeleton
64
Cartilage that is highly compressible
fibrocartilage
65
3 places where fibrocartilage is found
spinal column disks, menisci of knee, symphysis pubis
66
Type of cartilage that tolerates repeated bending
Elastic cartilage
67
2 places where elastic cartilage is found
epiglottis, external ear
68
2 places dense connective tissue is found
lower layers of skin (dermis), tendons and ligament
69
What makes loose connective tissue different from dense connective tissue
more cells and fewer fibers
70
3 examples of loose connective tissue
areolar, adipose, reticular tissues
71
Type of loose connective tissue that protects internal organs
areolar tissue
72
Type of loose connective tissue that protects and insulates
adipose tissue
73
Type of loose connective tissue that forms framework for lymph nodes and spleen
reticular tissue
74
What kind of tissue is blood?
Vascular
75
4 primary functions of epithelial tissue
protection, absorption, filtration, secretion
76
4 examples of epithelial tissue
skin, lining of body cavities, lining of respiratory tract, lining of digestive tract
77
Difference between simple and stratified epithelium
Simple: one layer of cells, stratified: more than one layer of cells
78
What shape does squamous cells have
flattened
79
What shape does cuboidal cells have
cube-shaped
80
What shape does columnar cells have
column-shaped
81
3 examples of simple epithelial
Air sacs of lungs, walls of capillaries, serous membranes lining ventral cavity
82
3 examples of simple cuboidal epithelium
Glands and ducts, walls of kidney tubules, surface of ovaries
83
Columnar cells resting on a basement membrane but some are shorter than others and cell nuclei appear to be at different heights
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
84
Example of pseudostratified columnar epithelial
Lining of respiratory tract
85
Free edge cells are squamous, whereas the lower layrs closer to the basement membrane are cuboidal or columnar
Stratified squamous epithelium
86
3 examples of stratified squamous epithelium
Esophagus, mouth, outer layer of skin
87
3 examples of stratified epithelium
Urinary bladder, ureters, urethra
88
One or more cell sthat make and secrete a particular product
gland
89
5 examples of secretions by glands
oil, perspiration, mucus, digestive enzymes, hormones
90
Secrete hormones directly into bloodstream
endocrine glands
91
4 examples of endocrine glands
thyroid, pituitary, ovaries, testest
92
release secretion through ducts to the epithelial surface
exocrine glands
93
4 examples of exocrine glands
liver, pancreas, sweat glands, oil glands
94
3 types of epithelial membranes
cutaneous, mucous, serous
95
type of connective membrane
synovial
96
What defines a cutaneous membrane
hardened epithelium tissue layer with an underlying dense fibrous connective tissue layer
97
What type of body parts do mucous membranes line?
Body cavities open to exterior
98
What type of body parts do serous membranes line
closed ventral body cavities
99
two layers of serous membranes
parietal, visceral
100
2 functions of serous membranes
reduce friction, cushion and protect
101
3 parts of serous membranes
peritoneum, pleura, pericardium
102
Serous membrane that lines abdominal cavity
peritoneum
103
Serous membrane that lines around the lungs
pleura
104
Serous membrane that lines around the heart
pericardium
