Test 3: Elbow and Forearm

Question 1

Elbow movements:

Answer 1

Flexion & extension

Supination & pronation

Question 2

Uniaxial articulation (direction of one movement)
Articular surfaces allow motion in only one plane
Motions- flexion and extension

Answer 2

Ginglymus (hinge) joint

Question 3

What are examples of a hinge joint in elbow?

Answer 3

ex. humeroulnar joint, humeroradial joint

Question 4

Also uniaxial articulation
Motions
• Rotation, supination, pronation

Answer 4

Trochodial (pivot, screw joint)

Question 5

Example of trochoidal joint

Answer 5

Proximal & distal radio-ulnar joints

Question 6

Widest part of elbow

Answer 6

Epicondyles

Question 7

Normal ROM for radioulnar (forearm) movements

Answer 7

Pronation/supination 70°/85°

Question 8

Normal ROM Humeroulnar & Humeroradial Movments

Answer 8

Normal ROM
• 0° - 145°

(biceps get in the way)

Question 9

Annular l. of radius

Answer 9

starts on radius, wraps around ulna, connects back to radius.

Question 10

Ulnar collateral l. is usually associated with what sport position and what surgery?

Answer 10

Baseball pitchers

Tommy John’s Surgery

Question 11

Ligament that resists varus stress

Answer 11

Radial collateral

Question 12

Ligament that stabilizes the proximal

radius during supination and pronation

Answer 12

Annular ligament

Question 13

Origin of Biceps Brachii

Answer 13

Long head
• Supraglenoid tubercle of
scapula, labrum
Short head
• Coracoid process of the scapula

Question 14

Insertion of bicep brachii

Answer 14

Tuberosity of the radius and
aponeurosis of the biceps
brachii

Question 15

Action of biceps brachii

Answer 15

Flex the elbow
Supinate the forearm
Flex the shoulder
(something important about long head)

Question 16

Origin of brachialis

Answer 16

Distal half of anterior surface of humerus

Question 17

Insertion of brachialis

Answer 17

Tuberosity and coronoid

process of ulna

Question 18

Action of brachialis

Answer 18

Flex the elbow

Question 19

Location of brachialis

Answer 19

Deep to bicep brachii

Question 20

Origin of brachioradialis

Answer 20

Proximal ⅔ of lateral
supracondylar ridge of
humerus (just remember lateral supracondylar ridge)

Question 21

Insertion of brachioradialis

Answer 21

Styloid process of radius

Question 22

Action of brachioradialis

Answer 22

Flex the elbow
Assist to pronate and
supinate the forearm when
these movements are
resisted
(not primary mover, assister)

Question 23

Origin of the Triceps Brachii

Answer 23

Long head
• Infraglenoid tubercle of the
scapula
Lateral head
• Posterior surface of proximal ½ of humerus
Medial head
• Posterior surface of distal half
of the humerus

Question 24

Insertion of triceps brachii

Answer 24

Olecranon process of the ulna

Question 25

Action of the triceps brachii

Answer 25

``` All heads • Extend the elbow Long head • Extend the shoulder • Adduct the shoulder ```

Question 26

`Origin of the pronator teres

Answer 26

Common flexor tendon from | medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of the ulna

Question 27

Insertion of the pronator teres

Answer 27

• Middle of lateral surface of the radius

Question 28

Action of the pronator teres

Answer 28

* Pronate the forearm | * Assist to flex the elbow

Question 29

Origin of the Supinator

Answer 29

``` • Lateral epicondyle of humerus • Radial collateral ligament • Annular ligament • Supinator crest of the ulna ```

Question 30

Insertion of the supinator

Answer 30

• Anterior, lateral surface of | proximal ⅓ of radial shaft

Question 31

Action of supinator

Answer 31

Supinate the forearm

Question 32

Origin of the anconeus

Answer 32

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Question 33

Insertion of the anconeus

Answer 33

Olecranon process and posterior, proximal surface of ulna

Question 34

Actions of the anconeus

Answer 34

Extends the elbow

Question 35

Origin of the pronator quadratus

Answer 35

Medial, anterior surface of distal ulna

Question 36

Insertion of the pronator quadratus

Answer 36

Lateral, anterior surface of distal radius

Question 37

Action of the pronator quadratus

Answer 37

Pronate the forearm

Question 38

Synergists for Elbow Extension

Answer 38

``` Triceps brachii (all heads) Anconeus ```

Question 39

Synergists for Forearm Supination (Proximal and Distal Radioulnar Joints

Answer 39

Biceps brachii Supinator Brachioradialis (assists)

Question 40

Synergists – Forearm Pronation (Proximal | and Distal Radioulnar Joints)

Answer 40

Pronator teres Pronator quadratus Brachioradialis (assists)

Question 41

Synergists – Elbow Flexion

Answer 41

``` Biceps brachii Brachialis Brachioradialis Flexor carpi radialis (assists) Flexor carpi ulnaris (assists) Palmaris longus (assists) Pronator teres (assists) Extensor carpi radialis longus (assists) Extensor carpi radialis brevis (assists) ```