Test 3: Mitosis & Cell Division

Question 1

Cytokinesis

Answer 1

Partitioning cytoplasmic contents into daughter cells

Question 2

Genome

Answer 2

all of the genetic material of a cell or organism

Question 3

Binary Fission

Answer 3

Cell division method in prokaryotes with circular chromosomes

Question 4

Gametes, or sex cells (eggs and sperm) contain __ of __

Answer 4

one set; chromosomes

Question 5

Diploid

Answer 5

Having two matched sets of chromosomes in a cell

Question 6

The typical body has __ matched or __ sets of chromosomes (one set from each parent)

Answer 6

two; homologous

Question 7

Haploid

Answer 7

Having one set of chromosomes in a cell

Question 8

Homologous Chromosomes

Answer 8

“same knowlege”; Chromosomes from each parent with the same genes (2 chromatids)

Question 9

Genes are __ units coding for specific __

Answer 9

Chromosomal; proteins

Question 10

Locus

Answer 10

position of a gene on a chromosome

Question 11

Cell cycle involves cell _ and _ that produces __ new daughter cells

Answer 11

growth; division; two

Question 12

Major phases of the cell cycle (2)

Answer 12

interphase and mitotic phase

Question 13

Interphase

Answer 13

period of the cell cycle leading up to mitosis in which the cell grows and DNA is replicated

Question 14

Subcategories of interphase

Answer 14

G1, S, and G2 phases

Question 15

G1 Phase

Answer 15

First gap stage of interphase, cell prepares for DNA replication

Question 16

S Phase

Answer 16

second, or synthesis, stage of interphase during which DNA replication occurs

Question 17

Steps involved in the S-phase (5)

Answer 17

sister chromatids, centromere, centrosome, centrioles, mitotic spindle

Question 18

Chromatin

Answer 18

Semi-condensed form of nuclear DNA in interphase

Question 19

Sister Chromatids

Answer 19

Identical pairs of DNA molecules after replication

Question 20

Centromere

Answer 20

region at which sister chromatids are bound together

Question 21

Centrosome

Answer 21

Structure duplicated in S phase, organizes mitotic spindle

Question 22

Mitotic Spindle

Answer 22

Apparatus that moves chromosomes during mitosis

Question 23

Centrioles

Answer 23

microtubules that help organize cell division

Question 24

G2 Phase (6)

Answer 24

Phase for energy replenishment, protein synthesis, chromosomes are relaxed, chromosomes and organelle’s already duplicated, cytoskeleton is dismantled, the nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelope.

Question 25

G0 Phase

Answer 25

Inactive stage where cells exit the cell cycle temporarily or permanently

Question 26

Mitotic Phase

Answer 26

Process of aligning, separating, and moving duplicated chromosomes; part of the cell cylce

Question 27

Subcategories of the mitotic phase

Answer 27

mitosis (karyokinesis) and cytokinesis

Question 28

Karyokinesis (mitosis)

Answer 28

division of the nucleus into two daughter nuclei

Question 29

Cytokinesis

Answer 29

division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells; starts during anaphase

Question 30

Phases of Mitosis

Answer 30

prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase (please pass me another treat)

Question 31

Prophase (4)

Answer 31

the chromosomes begin to condense, the mitotic spindle begins to form, the nuclear envelope begins to fragment, chromatin condenses into duplicated chromosomes.

Question 32

Prometaphase (3)

Answer 32

the mitotic spindle begins to attach to kinetochores, kinetochores assemble at the centromeres, the chromosomes condense further.

Question 33

Metaphase

Answer 33

Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate with sister chromatids attached

Question 34

Anaphase (2)

Answer 34

the mitotic spindle depolymerizes, the sister chromatids are pulled apart from one another.

Question 35

Telophase

Answer 35

Chromosomes decondense, nuclear envelopes form, and mitotic spindles depolymerize

Question 36

Contractile Ring

Answer 36

Actin filament ring in animal cells aiding in cytokinesis by forming a cleavage furrow

Question 37

Phragmoplast

Answer 37

Structure in plant cells formed during cytokinesis to guide cell plate formation

Question 38

The cell plate is formed by __ to __ plant cells

Answer 38

vesicle fusion; divide

Question 39

Golgi apparatus accumulates __ and __ for cell division

Answer 39

enzymes; structural proteins

Question 40

Microtubules are __ strands of __ molecules that form a tubelike structure

Answer 40

Spiral; protein

Question 41

Microtubules are remodeled during cell division to form the __

Answer 41

mitotic spindle

Question 42

Kinetochores

Answer 42

Attachment points for mitotic spindle during cell division (plates that are on the side of the centromeres)

Question 43

Cytoskeleton

Answer 43

Network of protein fibers maintaining cell shape and aiding movement

Question 44

The cytoskeleton is made up of three fibers;

Answer 44

microfilament, intermediate filament, and microtubule

Question 45

Microfilament

Answer 45

Narrow intertwined actin strands that aid in cellular movement and shape change

Question 46

Actin

Answer 46

The protein fibers forming microfilaments for cellular movement

Question 47

Actin is powered by;

Answer 47

ATP

Question 48

Myosin

Answer 48

Motor protein moving along actin filaments for cellular motion

Question 49

Intermediate filaments are composed of several stands of __, providing __

Answer 49

fibrous proteins; structural support

Question 50

Flagella

Answer 50

Long, whip-like structures enabling cell movement

Question 51

Cilia

Answer 51

Short, hair-like structures moving substances along cell surfaces

Question 52

How many chromosomes does a human egg cell have?

Answer 52

23

Question 53

When a cell is metabolizing and NOT in the process of dividing, what is the function of the cytoskeleton (4)

Answer 53

Movement, cell shape, secure some organelles in position, allow cells and vesicles within multicellular organisms to move

Question 54

How many chromosomes does a human white blood cell have?

Answer 54

46