Final Exam: Genetic Inheritance

Question 1

Chromosome

Answer 1

A thread-like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

Question 2

Diploid

Answer 2

Having two sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from each parent.

Question 3

Haploid

Answer 3

Having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.

Question 4

Hybridization

Answer 4

The mating of two true-breeding individuals with different traits.

Question 5

The law of dominance states that in a heterozygote, one trait will __ of another trait for the same characteristic.

Answer 5

conceal the presence

Question 6

The law of segregation states that paired unit factors (genes) must __.

Answer 6

segregate equally into gametes

Question 7

Heterozygotes

Answer 7

Individuals that have two different alleles for a particular gene

Question 8

The product rule states that the probability of two independent events occurring together is __

Answer 8

the product of the probabilities of each event occurring alone

Question 9

The sum rule states that the probability of the occurrence of one event or the other event, of two mutually exclusive events, is __

Answer 9

the sum of their individual probabilities

Question 10

Monohybrid Cross

Answer 10

A genetic cross between parents that differ in only one characteristic

Question 11

Discrete units are characteristics that are transmitted __ from parent to offspring

Answer 11

independently

Question 12

True-Breeding

Answer 12

Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate

Question 13

Phenotypically Identical

Answer 13

Individuals that have the same outward appearance or traits

Question 14

Meiosis is a type of cell division that results in __ daughter cells each with __ of chromosomes of the parent cell

Answer 14

four; half the number

Question 15

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 15

Genes segregate independently into gametes

Question 16

Dihybrid Cross

Answer 16

Cross involving two traits with independent assortment

Question 17

Recombination

Answer 17

Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes

Question 18

Parental Gametes

Answer 18

Gametes with alleles in the same combination as the parents

Question 19

Recombinant Gametes

Answer 19

Gametes with new allele combinations due to crossover

Question 20

Linked Genes

Answer 20

Genes located close together on the same chromosome

Question 21

Crossover

Answer 21

Exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids

Question 22

Gene Linkage

Answer 22

Tendency of genes on the same chromosome to be inherited together

Question 23

Independent Assortment

Answer 23

Genes for different traits segregate independently

Question 24

Recombination Frequency

Answer 24

Proportion of recombinant gametes as a measure of gene distance

Question 25

Genetic Mapping

Answer 25

Constructing maps of genes on chromosomes

Question 26

Gamete Types

Answer 26

Different combinations of alleles in gametes

Question 27

Law of Probability

Answer 27

Expected ratios based on random events