Test 4 Flashcards
(170 cards)
1
Q
Feudalism
A
A way of life based on the ownership and use of land
2
Q
Fief
A
Land
3
Q
Chivalry
A
Code of conduct for the nobility and the knights
4
Q
Heraldry
A
Colorful and unique symbols, emblems, and designs displayed on armor, shields, and banners
5
Q
Manors
A
Estates that belonged to the nobles
6
Q
Serfs
A
Farmers of the manors
7
Q
Demesne
A
The lord’s fields
8
Q
Steward
A
Supervised overall running of manor and acted as judge in the manor’s court
9
Q
Bailiff
A
Supervises cultivation of the lord’s demesne, collected rents, inspected serf’s work
10
Q
Truce of God
A
Forbade fighting from Friday-Sunday
11
Q
Peace of God
A
Priests denied sacraments to persons who robbed churches, took a serf’s property, or killed non combatants during battles
12
Q
Pope Urban II
Byzantine emperor
A
Proclaimed beginning of crusades in 1095 for purpose of capturing holy land from Muslims and holding it for Christendom
13
Q
First Crusade
A
Conquered Jerusalem, Tripoli, Antioch, and edessa
14
Q
Second crusade
A
Bernard of Clairvaux
Louis VII of France
Conrad III of Germany
Accomplished nothing
15
Q
Third Crusade
A
"Crusade of Kings" Accomplished little Richard I the Lion Hearted Frederick Barbarossa (German) Phillip Augustus (French)
16
Q
Richard I in third crusade
A
Secured Saladin’s agreement to European control of holy land coastal cities and pilgrimage rights to Jerusalem
17
Q
Frederick Barbarossa
A
(Third crusade)
Drowned in Asia Minor, prompting most of his soldiers to return home
18
Q
Phillip Augustus
A
(Third crusade)
Led his men back to Europe…
19
Q
Fourth crusade
A
Never even reaches Holy land, instead plundered Constantinople, a city of Christendom
20
Q
Burgs
A
New towns that sprang up beside fortresses
21
Q
Guilds
A
An early form of trade unionism, consisted of voluntary associations among merchants, artisans, and craftsmen
22
Q
Hanseatic League
A
A confederation of northern German towns forming trade alliances
23
Q
Flanders
A
A low-lying region in western Belgium; important center of trade and culture
24
Q
Medici
A
A leading banking family
25
Black Death
A bubonic plague that killed 1/3 to 1/2 of Europe's population
26
Salerno
First medieval university
27
Trivium
Grammar, rhetoric, logic
28
Quadrivium
Arithmetic, music, geometry, astronomy
29
Scholasticism
An attempt to combine Greek philosophy with Romanism
30
Thomas Aquinas
| Italian
"Dumb Ox"; Thomism
31
Thomism
Denied totality of man's sinful nature and his dependence upon God for everything
32
William of Ockham
| English
Believes holy scriptures were the only true authority
33
John Wycliffe
Began the first translation of Bible into english; followers called Lollards
34
John Huss
Wycliffe' writings helped him to see the light; followers (Hussites) printed first non-Catholic hymnbook in modern history
35
Gerhard Groote
Founded and organized the brethren of the common life
36
Thomas à Kempis
Wrote "The Imitation of Christ"
37
Dante
Wrote "Divine Comedy"
38
Geoffrey Chaucer
"The Canterbury Tales"
39
Emphasis of Italian renaissance
Humanities
40
Humanities
History, grammar, rhetoric, poetry
41
Petrarch
"Father of Humanism"
| Wrote "Letters to Ancient Authors"
42
Boccaccio
Wrote "The Decameron"
43
The only book of lasting importance during Italian renaissance
"The Prince"
44
Wrote "The Prince"
Niccolò Machiavelli
45
Patrons
People who use their own money to support the arts
46
Tried to make paintings look real; "the Last Judgement"
Giotto
47
The three geniuses
Leonardo da Vinci
Raphael
Michelangelo
48
Mona Lisa, The Last Supper
Leonardo da Vinci
49
(Known for brilliant use of color)
| Sistine Madonna, The School of Athens
Raphael
50
Sistine Chapel, David, Moses
| Supported by Medici family
Michelangelo
51
Greatest Italian lyric poet of 16th century
Michelangelo
52
Invented movable type printing press
Johann Gutenberg 1440
53
Gutenberg Bible
Gutenberg produced first printed edition of the Bible in 1456
54
Earliest know inhabitants of British Isles
Celts
55
Anglo-Saxons
Jutes, Angles, and Saxons who conquered Britain
56
Greatest Saxon poem that still remains
Beowulf
57
First Archbishop of Canterbury
Augustine
58
Archbishop of Canterbury
Most influential church office in England
59
The first great king of England
Alfred the great
60
Became king when Vikings conquered England, increased foreign trade, surprisingly popular with English men
Canute the Dane
61
William the Conqueror fought Harold Godwin for the throne
Battle of Hastings
62
Who won the battle of Hastings?
William the Conqueror
63
Who were the two notable Norman kings?
William the Conqueror and Henry I
64
Implemented the Domesday Book and the Great Council
William the Conqueror
65
Domesday book
Census
66
Great Council
Composed only of chief vassals
67
William the Conqueror's son; reign characterized by wisdom and fairness
Henry I
68
Implemented the "Charter of Liberties" and the Exchequer
Henry I
69
Henry I promised to end heavy taxation of he nobles and the church, and not to abuse his power as king...
"Charter of Liberties"
70
Nobles and administrators who looked after the government's finances and acted as judges over revenue matters
the Exchequer
71
Initiated the Plantagenet line of kings
Henry II
72
Laws common to all Englishmen
Common law
73
Group of people called to give a verdict in regard to a legal matter
Trial by jury
74
Henry II's son
Richard I
75
Richard I's mother who maintained the realm in his absence
Eleanor of Aquitaine
76
Most hated king in English history
John
77
Richard I's brother
John
78
Where king John signed the Magna Carta in 1215
Runnymede
79
Magna Carta
Forbade king to levy new taxes...
Habeas corpus
Trial by jury and due process of law
80
Habeas corpus
The right of an arrested person to appear before a court to determine if his imprisonment is legal
81
Constitution
A written plan which sets up a form of government and establishes its basic governing principles
82
Called the first meeting of parliament in 1265
Simon de Montfort
83
Simon de Montfort
Called first meeting of parliament in 1265
84
Representative government
Parliament
85
Model Parliament
Edward I
86
Edward I
Model Parliament
87
What did Parliament set up during the reign of Edward III
House of Lords
| House of Commons
88
House of Lords
Great nobles and high church leaders
89
House of Commons
Representatives came together to represent entire English nation
90
(Hundred Years' War)
| England won famous battles at...
Crécy, Poitiers, Agincourt
91
(Hundred Years' War)
| England lost all its land in France except...
Calais
92
(The Wars of the Roses)
| Red rose...
House of Lancaster
93
(The Wars of the Roses)
| White rose
House of York
94
The Lancasters "won" the Wars of the Roses in 1485 at...
The Battle of Bosworth Field
95
First Tudor king of England
Henry VII
96
When did the Tudor line of kings begin?
After the Wars of the Roses
97
(France)
| Began Capetian line-- beginning of the modern French nation
Hugh Capet
98
The only thing Hugh Capet controlled
Ile-de-France
99
Made the French monarchy stronger than any other single noble in France
Philip II (Augustus)
100
Began quarrel with __________ over whether the king could tax the clergy without the pope's consent;
"Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy"
Philip IV began quarrel with Boniface VIII
101
"Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy"
Quarrel between Philip IV and Boniface VIII
102
Estates-General
French version of Parliament
103
French version of Parliament
Estates-General
104
Results of Hundred Years' War
1. Estates-General face taxation rights to king
2. French developed real hatred of foreigners, especially English
3. Feudalism ended
105
Who invented the long bow?
The Welsh
106
Used for navigation
Kmal
107
Spain and Portugal are located on the...
Iberian peninsula
108
The romans' name for Spain
Hispania
109
Who invaded Spain in 711?
Moors
110
The most famous alcazar (palace) in Spain?
Alhambra
111
Spanish national hero
El Cid
112
Ferdinand was from
Aragon
113
Isabella was from
Castile
114
Ferdinand and Isabella married and united WHAT two kingdoms in Spain?
Aragon and Castile
115
Spanish scholar who wrote grammar book...
Antonia de Nebrija
116
Spanish Inquisition...
To root up and destroy all "heretics" in Spain
117
The first Grand Inquisitor of the Spanish Inquisition
Tomás de Torquemada
118
When the Romans conquered Portugal they named it...
Lusitania
119
Whose reign marked the beginning of Portugal's greatest days of glory?
John I
120
John I?
Reign marked the beginning of Portugal's greatest days of glory
121
Accomplishment of crusades
Revived European interest in trade with the Orient
122
Major objective of the Age of Exploration
Finding a sea route to the Far East
123
Began a school of navigators
Prince Henry the Navigator
124
First European to reach Far East by sea
Vasco da Gama
125
Vasco da Gama
First European to reach the Far East by sea
126
October 12, 1492
Columbus discovered new world
127
Columbus discovered new world
October 12, 1492
128
First great civilization in the Western Hemisphere
Mayas
129
Mayas
First great civilization in the Western Hemisphere
130
Incas
Most important Indian civilization in South America
131
Most important Indian civilization in South America
Incas
132
Aztecs
Most powerful Native American empire at the beginning of the age of exploration
133
Most powerful Native American empire at the beginning of the age of exploration
Aztecs
134
Conquered new world and spread Romanism, by force if necessary
Conquistadors
135
Made first Spanish landing in America (Florida)
Ponce de León
136
Ponce de León
Made first Spanish landing in America (Florida)
137
Vasco de Balboa
Crossed isthmus of panama and discovered Pacific Ocean
138
Crossed isthmus of panama and discovered Pacific Ocean
Vasco de Balboa
139
Ferdinand Magellan
3 year voyage around world
140
Sailed around world
Ferdinand Magellan
141
Hernando Cortés
Conquered Aztec Indians
142
Conquered Aztec Indians
Hernando Cortés
143
Francisco Pizarro
Conquered Inca Indians of Peru
144
Conquered Inca Indians of Peru
Francisco Pizarro
145
Francisco Coronado
Discovered the Grand Canyon
146
Discovered the Grand Canyon
Francisco Coronado
147
Hernando de Soto
Discovered Mississippi River
148
Discovered Mississippi River
Hernando de Soto
149
Juan Cabrillo
Explored coast of California
150
Explores coast of California
Juan cabrillo
151
Drawn by Pope Alexander VI in 1493
Line of Demarcation
152
Pedro Cabral
Discovered Brazil
153
Discovered Brazil
Pedro Cabral
154
Giovanni de Verrazano (Italian, but explored for France)
Explored eastern coast of North America
155
Explored eastern coast of North America
Giovanni de Verrazano
156
Jacques Cartier
Discovered St. Lawrence River
157
Discovered St. Lawrence River
Jacques Cartier
158
John Cabot
First modern explorer to reach North American mainland
159
First modern explorer to reach North American mainland
John Cabot
160
Founded Newfoundland
John Cabot
161
1060
University of Salerno
162
1095-1099
First crusade / Crusaders establish 4 kingdoms in holy land
163
1334-1351
Black Death in Europe kills 25 million people
164
1382
First English bible
165
1440
Gutenberg invents movable type printing press
166
1066
Battle of Hastings/ beginning of Norman conquest
167
1215
Magna Carta
168
1295
Model Parliament in England
169
1302
First meeting of estates general (France)
170
1492
King Ferdinand and queen Isabella of Spain defeat last moorish kingdom in Spain/ Columbus discovered new world/ Spanish Inquisition begins
