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anatomy > Test 4 Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Test 4 Blood Vessels Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

the blood vessels of the body form a

A

a closed circulatory system

powered by the pumping of the heart.

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2
Q

blood is carried in a?

A

closed
system of vessels that begins
and ends at the heart

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3
Q

the three major types of blood vessels

A

arteries, capillaries, and

veins.

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4
Q

the path of blood vessels

A

Heart → Arteries →
Arterioles → Capillaries →
Venules → Veins → Heart)

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5
Q

The walls of most blood vessels are composed of

A

three distinct layers

(tunics): 1) tunica intima, 2) tunica media, and 3) tunica externa

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6
Q

the tunics surrounding the central blood filled space of the blood vessel walls are called

A

the lumen

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7
Q

tunica intima

A

the innermost tunic, which contains the endothelium

(simple squamous epithelium) that lines the lumen of all vessels.

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8
Q

the endothelium froms a

A

smooth surface that minimizes the friction

of blood moving across them

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9
Q

in vessel larger than 1 mm in diameter

A

a thin layer of loose C.T.,

called the subendothelial layer, lies just external to the endothelium.

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10
Q

Tunic media

A

the middle tunic consists of circularly arranged sheets
of smooth muscle fibers that sandwich sheets of elastin and collagen
fibrils.

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11
Q

vasoconstriction

A

Contraction of the smooth muscle cells decreases the diameter of the
vessel

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12
Q

vasodilation

A

relaxation of the smooth muscle cells increases the vessel’s diameter of the vessel

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13
Q

the tunica media is thicker in?

A

arteries than in veins

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14
Q

tunica externa

A 
the outermost layer of the vessel wall; composed of
connective tissue (elastic and collagen fibers)
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15
Q

tunica externa function

A

protects the vessel, further strengthens its wall, and anchors
the vessel to surrounding structures.

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16
Q

arteries

A

vessels that carry blood away from the heart

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17
Q

the arterial system is divided into 3 parts

A

: elastic, muscular, arteriole

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18
Q

a) Elastic (conducting) arteries

A

(1cm-2.5 cm): thick-walled arteries
near the heart (aorta and its major branches)
- Large lumen allow low-resistance conduction of blood ; contains
elastin in all three tunics
- Withstands and dampends large blood pressure fluctuations to allow
blood to flow fairly continuously through the body

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19
Q

Muscular arteries

A

s (0.3mm to 1 cm): distal to elastic arteries and
deliver blood to body organs; have thick tunica media with more
smooth muscle and less elastic tissue; active in vasoconstriction

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20
Q

Arterioles

A

(10µm-0.3mm): smallest arteries; lead to capillary beds
and control flow into capillary beds via vasodilation and constriction
-Their tunica media contains only one or two layers of smooth muscle
cells

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21
Q

arteries

A

the passage of blood through the arteries proceeds from elastic arteries, to muscular arteries, to artrioles

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22
Q

capillaries

A

are the smallest blood vessels, with a diameter of 8-

10µm. just large enough to enable RBC’s to pass through in single file

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23
Q

capillaries are composed of

A

only a single layer of endothelial cells

surrounded by a basement membrane

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24
Q

pericytes

Study These Flashcards
A

s: spider-shaped cells who form a network around the
periphery of the capillary and serve to strengthen and stabilize the
capillary

25
function of capillaries
Renew and refresh interstitial fluid with oxygen nutrients cells need, and removes carbon dioxide and nitrogenous wastes that cells deposit into the fluid
26
capillary bed
is a network of capillaries, which run throughout | most tissues….especially the loose connective tissues
27
capillary beds
terminal arteriole -> metarteriole -> (true capillaries) -> throughfare channel -> venule
28
precapillary sphincters
composed of smooth muscle cells, wrap | around the root of each true capillary where it leaves the metarteriole
29
the endothelial cells are held together by
tight junctions and | occasional desmosomes
30
tight junctions of capillaries do not...
do not surround the whole perimeter of the endothelial cells…leaving gaps of unjoined membrane, called intercellular clefts
31
the intercellular celfts
small molecules to exit and enter the | capillary
32
3 structural types of capillaries
Continuous, Fenestrated, and | Sinusoids
33
Continuous capillaries
most common; are abundant in the skin and muscles, and have: endothelial cells that provide an uninterrupted lining, adjacent cells that are held together with tight junctions but have intercellular clefts of unjoined membranes that allow the passage of fluids
34
blood brain barrier
the capillaries of the brain lack the structural | features that account for capillary permeability
35
blood brain barriers lacks
Complete tight junctions (intercellular clefts are absent) -Vital molecules that must cross are “ushered through” via highly selective transport mechanisms in the plasma membranes of the endothelial cells.
36
fenestrated capillaries characterized by
an endothelium riddled with fenestrations (pores) allowing greater permeability to solutes and fluids than other capillaries
37
fenestrated capillaries found in
where there are high rates of exchange of small molecules between the blood and the surrounding tissue fluid (e.g., small intestines, endocrine glands, and kidneys)
38
sinusoidal capillaries characterized by
a twisted, leaky, | fenestrated capillaries with large lumens
39
sinusoidal capillaries allow
large molecules (proteins and blood cells) to pass between the blood and surrounding tissues - Blood flows sluggishly, allowing for many exchanges that occur across the capillary walls
40
sinusoidal capillaries found in
liver, bone marrow, lymphoid tissue, and in some | endocrine organs
41
veins
are the blood vessels that conduct blood from the capillaries toward the heart
42
-Because blood pressure in the venous part of the circulation is much lower than in the arterial part
…the walls of veins are much thinner | than those of comparable arteries
43
venules
(8-100µm): the simplest veins that are formed when | capillary beds unite.
44
postcapillary venules
smallest venules, composed of endothelium and a few pericytes; function like capillaries that leak fluid and leukocytes during an inflammatory response
45
large venules have
one or two layers of smooth muscle (tunica | media)
46
veins are formed when
venules converge and are capacitance vessels | (blood reservoirs) that contain 65% of the blood supply; vei
47
in veins, the tunica externa is
thicker than the tunica media | (opposite in arteries)
48
veins: Several mechanisms counteract the low venous blood pressure and help move the blood along its course back to the heart:
a) Large-diameter lumens, which offer little resistance to flow b) Valves (resembling semilunar heart valves), which prevent backflow of blood; abundant in the veins of the limbs
49
vascular anastosomes
: merging blood vessels, more common in veins than arteries
50
vascular anastosomes example: | arterial anastomoses
: provide alternate pathways (collateral channels) for blood to reach a given body region -If one branch is blocked, the collateral channel can supply the area with adequate blood supply (thoroughfare channels are examples of arteriovenous anastomoses)
51
the walls of blood vessels contain
living cells and therefore require | a blood supply of their own
52
vasa vasorum
``` (“vessels of the vessels”): the tiny arteries, capillaries, and veins that supply and drain the walls of larger blood vessels ```
53
vasa vasorum located in?
in the tunica externa
54
vasa vasorum arise either as?
``` tiny branches from the same vessel or as small branches from other, nearby vessels and nourish the outer half of the wall of the larger vessel. ```
55
arteries vs veins: | delivery
arteries: Blood pumped into single systemic artery – the aorta veins: Blood returns via superior and interior venae cavae and the coronary sinus
56
arteries vs veins location
arteries: deep, and protected by tissue veins: both deep and superficial
57
arteries vs veins pathways
arteries: fair, clear, and defined veins: convergent interconnection
58
arteries vs veins | supply/drainage
arteries: predictable supply veins: dural sinuses and hepatic portal circulation

anatomy (21 decks)

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