Test 4 Heart

Question 1

heart

Answer 1

a muscular double pump

with two functions:

Question 2

Right Side of Heart

Answer 2

receives oxygen poor
blood and then pumps this blood to
the lungs to pick up oxygen and
dispel carbon dioxide (Pulmonary
circuit)

Question 3

Left side of heart

Answer 3

receives the
oxygenated blood from the lungs
and pumps this blood throughout
the body. (Systemic circuit)

Question 4

atria

Answer 4

(x 2): superior chambers (separated by the interatrial septum)
that receive blood returning from the pulmonary and systemic circuits

Question 5

ventricles

Answer 5

x2
inferior chambers (separated by the interventricular
septum) that pump blood around the two circuits.

Question 6

The heart lies in

Answer 6

the thorax posterior to the sternum, left of the

midline and rests on the superior surface of the diaphragm

Question 7

pericardium

Answer 7

(“Around the heart”): a triple layered sac

Question 8

fibrous pericardium

Answer 8

outer strong layer of dense

connective tissue

Question 9

serous pericardium

Answer 9

formed from two layers

1. parietal layer
2. viceral layer

Question 10

parietal layer

Answer 10

fused to fibrous pericardium

Question 11

viceral layer

Answer 11

aka epicardium

Question 12

pericardial cavity

Answer 12

Fluid-filled space between the parietal and

visceral layers of serous pericardium

Question 13

pericardial cavity function

Answer 13

contains a lubricating fluid that reduces friction between

the beating heart and the outer wall of the pericardial sac

Question 14

epicardium

Answer 14

visceral layer of the serous pericardium

Question 15

myocardium

Answer 15

consists of cardiac muscle

-Muscle arranged in circular and spiral patterns

Question 16

endocardium

Answer 16

endothelium resting on a layer of connective tissue

-Lines the internal walls of the heart

Question 17

vessels returning blood to the heart

Answer 17

Superior and inferior venae cavae and Right & Left Pulmonary veins

Question 18

vessels conveying blood away from the heart include

Answer 18

-Pulmonary trunk (which splits into right and left pulmonary arteries)
Ascending aorta (three branches) – brachiocephalic, left common
carotid, and left subclavian artery

Question 19

right atrium receives

Answer 19

oxygen-poor blood from the superior and
inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus, and pumps it into the right
ventricle through the tricuspid valve.

Question 20

internally, the right atrium has two parts

Answer 20

a smooth walled posterior
part and an anterior part lined by horizontal ridges called the pectinate
muscles.

Question 21

Heart valve ensures? (function)

Answer 21

unidirectional blood flow through the heart

Question 22

each heart valve consist of?

Answer 22

two or three cusps, which are flaps of

endocardium reinforced by cores of dense C.T

Question 23

heart valves open and close in response to?

Answer 23

differences in blood

pressure on each side of the valves.

Question 24

what are the two atrioventricular valves

Answer 24

tricuspid and bicuspid valves

Question 25

function of atrioventricular valves

Answer 25

prevent the backflow of the blood into the atria during contraction of the ventricles

Question 26

what happens when the ventricles are relaxed

Answer 26

the valves are forced open by the | blood pressure exerted on their atrial side.

Question 27

when the ventricles start to contract

Answer 27

the pressure within them rises and forces the blood superiorly against the valve cusps…pushing the edges of the cusps together and closing the AV valves

Question 28

The right ventricle

Answer 28

e receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium via the tricuspid valve, and pumps it into the pulmonary arteries via the pulmonary semilunar valve and pulmonary trunk.

Question 29

the internal walls of the right ventricle are marked with

Answer 29

irregular ridges of muscle called | trabeculae carneae

Question 30

cone shaped papillary muscles project from

Answer 30

the walls into the | ventricular cavity and attach to strong bands called chordae tendineae

Question 31

- The chordae tendineae attach to

Answer 31

``` the flaps (cusps) of the tricuspid valve ```

Question 32

the papillary muscles of the heart serve to?

Answer 32

limit the movements of the bucuspid and tricuspid valves. These muscles contract to tighten the chordae tendineae, which in turn prevent inversion

Question 33

the papillary muscles brace the valves against

Answer 33

the high pressure, preventing regurgitation of ventricular | blood back into the atrial cavities

Question 34

chordae tendineae

Answer 34

or heart strings, are cord-like tendons that connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve and the bicuspid valve in the heart

Question 35

the chordae tendineae prevents

Answer 35

the flaps from being everted into the | right atrium

Question 36

the two semilunar valves

Answer 36

pulmonry and aortic valves

Question 37

function of semilunar valves

Answer 37

prevent | backflow from the great arteries into the ventricles.

Question 38

as ventricles contract and intraventricular pressure rises

Answer 38

blood is pushed up against semilunar valves, forcing them open

Question 39

as ventricles relax and intraventricular pressure fails

Answer 39

blood flows back from arteries, filling the cusps of semilunar valves and forcing them to close

Question 40

the left atrium

Answer 40

receives oxygenated blood returning from the lungs | via the pulmonary veins, and pumps it into the left ventricle

Question 41

the left ventricle receives

Answer 41

oxygenated blood from the left atrium via the bicuspid valve, and pumps it into the aorta via the aortic semilunar valve

Question 42

left ventricle, like the right ventricle, contains

Answer 42

s trabeculae carneae, papillary muscles, chordae tendineae, and the cusps of the bicuspid valve (mitral valve).

Question 43

coronary circulation

Answer 43

the functional blood supply to the heart | muscle itself.

Question 44

collateral routes ensure

Answer 44

blood delivery to heart even if major vessels | are occluded