test 5 Flashcards by Vivianne Woodring

system of the body that contains the heart, blood vessels, and blood

cardiovascular system (circulatory system)

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thick fluid that contains many solid particles and is part of the cardiovascular system

blood

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straw-colored liquid part of the blood that is 90% water

plasma

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three basic categories of blood proteins

albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen

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occurs when blood pressure falls to a critical low because of an injury

circulatory shock

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_____ carry oxygen

red blood cells (erythrocytes)

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special iron-containing blood protein that binds easily to oxygen and gives blood its characteristic red color

hemoglobin

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disorder resulting from too little oxygen being transported to body cells

anemia

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stores surplus red blood cells until they are needed

spleen

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___ help the body fight disease-causing organisms

white blood cells

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form of cancer in which white blood cells are produced in uncontrolled numbers

leukemia

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tiny disk-shaped cell fragments produced in the bone marrow to serve as patch kits for tears in blood vessels

platelets

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process of a platelet plug forming and then the hole being repaired by several platelets that bond with help from proteins

clotting

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result of clotting on the surface of the skin

scab

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disease where blood struggles to clot

hemophilia

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identification tags of the blood

antigens

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transfer of someone else’s blood into your body

blood transfusion

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defense proteins in your bloodstream

antibodies

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division that contains the four most common blood types

ABO blood group

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______ first described the circulation of blood accurately

William Harvey

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most efficient pump in the world

heart

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tough white sac that encases the heart and supports and protects it

pericardium

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four hollow spaces of the heart

chambers

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two thin upper-walled chambers of the heart

atria

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two thick-walled lower chambers of the heart

ventricles

wall that divides the left and right sides of the heart

septum

_______ prevents blood from flowing in the wrong direction

valves

the tricuspid and bicuspid valves are _____ because they allow blood to flow from each atrium into the corresponding ventricle

A-V valves

body's largest veins

venae cavae (sing. vena cava)

body's largest artery

aorta

take blood from the aorta to the muscles of the heart

coronary arteries

returns blood to the heart after leaving the muscles

cardiac veins

system of special heart cells that regulates the beating of the heart

cardiac conduction system

master control unit of the heart; sends electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat

S-A node

delays the S-A node's pulse so the aorta can fully contract

A-V node

can surgically be implanted to take over for the electrical system of the heart once it fails

pacemaker

map of the heart

electrocardiogram

contracting and pumping phase of heart action

systole

relaxing and filling phase of heart action

diastole

the perception of the cardiac cycle

heartbeat

abnormal rushing or blowing sound in the heart produced by valve damage

heart murmur

type of heart failure caused by a blockage of blood flow to the heart muscles

heart attack

heart issue that occurs when the heart stops beating and instead twitches randomly

ventricular fibrillation

thick-walled blood vessels that transport blood away from the heart

arteries

blood vessels that transport blood to the heart

veins

microscopic structures that take blood to the cells directly

capillaries

hardening of the arteries

arteriosclerosis

form of the hardening of the arteries that occurs when plaque builds up

atherosclerosis

movement of the blood through all parts of the body except the lungs

systemic circulation

movement of blood to the liver

portal circulation

force the blood exerts upon the walls of the blood vessels

blood pressure

movement of blood through the kidneys

renal circulation

movement of blood between the heart and the lungs

pulmonary circulation

high blood pressure because it exceeds normal measures

hypertension

rhythmic pressure change in the arteries as they bulge and contract

pulse

two sections of the liver

lobes

stores excess glucose of the body

glycogen

inflammation and infection of the liver

viral hepatitis

buildup of fatty deposits and fibrous tissue of the liver

cirrhosis

leading cause of death among Americans

cardiovascular disease

supplies the body with oxygen and removes excess carbon dioxide

respiratory system

primary organs of the respiratory system

lungs

process of breathing and gas exchange

external respiration

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood cells and the tissue cells

internal respiration

windpipe

trachea

voicebox

larynx

branches of the trachea

bronchi

sac-like structures that are at the end of the bronchioles

alveoli

movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration

diffusion

bacterial or viral infection of the linings in the lungs that causes large quantities of fluid

pneumonia

allergic condition characterized by spasms of the bronchial tube muscles

bronchial asthma

double membrane that lines the inside of the rib cage and provides lubrication

pleura

thick sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity

diaphragm

1. air rushes into the lungs 2. air rushes from the lungs

1. inhalation 2. exhalation

portion of the brain that controls breathing

medulla oblongata

maximum volume you can inhale and exhale

vital capacity

normal amount of air that is inhaled and exhaled

tidal volume

most common respiratory disease

common cold

all the chemical processes of life

metabolism

measure of the energy content of food

Calorie

most important energy-producing compounds in the cell

carbohydrates

_____ provide most of the energy for living things

carbohydrates

simplest of the carbohydrates

sugar

building blocks of proteins

amino acids

complex organic molecules used to build and maintain living cells

proteins

energy carrier of the cell

ATP

group of compounds characterized by their insolubility in water

lipids

important organic substances found in plants and animals and foods made from them

vitamins

important inorganic nutrients needed for proper growth and repair of body tissues

minerals

tube that is the pathway of the digestive system

alimentary canal

changing of food substances with large, complex molecules into substances with smaller, less complex molecules

digestion

catalysts produced by living cells

enzymes

____ cut, break, or crush food into smaller pieces so that it may be more easily digested

teeth

scientific name for chewing

mastication

throat

pharynx

most common disease in man

dental caries (cavities)

long muscular tube connecting the pharynx to the stomach

esophagus

rhythmic wave of muscular contractions of the esophagus and digestive tract

peristalsis

small flap of cartilage in the pharynx

epiglottis

J shaped organ

stomach

1. produces bile 2. stores bile

1. liver 2. gallbladder

primary organ of digestion and absorption

small intestine

small hairlike projections in the small intestine

villi

first section of the small intestine

duodenum

most chemical digestion occurs in the _____

duodenum

middle section of the small intestine

jejunum

most absorption in the small intestine is in the ___

jejunum

longest section of the small intestine and last section

ileum

movement of water, digested food, and other dissolved substances into the bloodstream

absorption

hormone that removes sugar from the blood when there is too much

insulin

corrects low sugar

glucagon

waste substance of extra protein

urea

condition of expelling too much water when the colon is not working properly

diarrhea

forms of food poisoning

botulism, Staphylococcus aureus, and salmonellosis

name for gastric indigestion

dyspepsia

infection of the colon

dysentery

one of the most common forms of cancer that is 95% curable when detected early

colon cancer

universal blood donor

O-

universal recipients for blood

AB+

pacemaker of the heart

S-A node

microscopic structures that take blood to the cells directly

capillaries

respiratory disease where lungs can't defend themselves from bacteria and may fill with mucus

cystic fibrosis

form of cancer most commonly from smoking

lung cancer