midterm half

Question 1

disease characterized by tremors and muscle stiffness

Answer 1

Parkinson’s disease

Question 2

simplest act of the nervous system

Answer 2

reflex

Question 3

degeneration of the muscles due to lack of use

Answer 3

atrophy

Question 4

steroids are produced by ______

Answer 4

adrenal glands

Question 5

enlargement of muscles due to exercise

Answer 5

hypertrophy

Question 6

chemical processes of the body

Answer 6

metabolism

Question 7

body’s main source of energy; the most important energy-producing compounds in the cell

Answer 7

carbohydrates

Question 8

largest percentage of the blood is ____

Answer 8

plasma

Question 9

principle organ of the nervous system

Answer 9

brain

Question 10

the brain and spinal cord make up the _________

Answer 10

central nervous system

Question 11

true or false: neurons rarely reproduce

Answer 11

true

Question 12

inability of the muscles to move

Answer 12

paralysis

Question 13

what controls complex muscle coordination

Answer 13

cerebellum

Question 14

states that a person’s actions are completely due to particular stimuli

Answer 14

behaviorism

Question 15

tough rubbery tissue that cushions joints

Answer 15

cartilage

Question 16

most common respiratory illness

Answer 16

common cold

Question 17

largest and strongest muscles of the body

Answer 17

gluteus maximus

Question 18

nonliving material surrounding cells

Answer 18

matrix

Question 19

hormone that controls metabolism

Answer 19

thyroxine

Question 20

thick horizontal underground stem

Answer 20

rhizome

Question 21

protective covering for the tip of a root

Answer 21

root cap

Question 22

hairlike structures that take the place of roots in mold

Answer 22

rhizoids

Question 23

largest of the brown algae

Answer 23

kelp

Question 24

transfer of pollen from the stamen to the pistil

Answer 24

pollination

Question 25

reproductive cells

Answer 25

gametes

Question 26

union of the sperm and egg cells

Answer 26

fertilization

Question 27

fruit that is fleshy and juicy throughout

Answer 27

berry

Question 28

fruit of the grass family

Answer 28

grain

Question 29

period of inactivity (specifically for a plant)

Answer 29

dormancy

Question 30

growth in length is called _____

Answer 30

primary growth

Question 31

older inner wood of a tree that is only used for support

Answer 31

heartwood

Question 32

special stem used for defense and protection

Answer 32

thorn

Question 33

one way diffusion through a semi-permeable membrane

Answer 33

osmosis

Question 34

plants that produce seeds but do not produce flowers; their seeds are not covered by the walls of an ovary

Answer 34

gymnosperms

Question 35

occurs when both sexual and asexual reproduction occur

Answer 35

alternation of generations

Question 36

smallest of the green, chlorophyll containing organisms

Answer 36

algae

Question 37

things that obtain nutrients from dead organisms are called

Answer 37

saprophytes

Question 38

organism that lives on or in an­ other living organism and derives its nutrition from that organism

Answer 38

parasite

Question 39

a group of structures that function together as a unit to perform a definite job for the body

Answer 39

system

Question 40

the system of the body that is its defense against foreign invaders

Answer 40

immune system

Question 41

system that provides support and rigidity for the body

Answer 41

skeletal system

Question 42

system responsible for the continuation of the human race

Answer 42

reproductive system

Question 43

tissue that connects bone to bone

Answer 43

ligaments

Question 44

largest bone of the body

Answer 44

femur

Question 45

bones used for protection

Answer 45

flat bones

Question 46

tissue that connects muscle to bone

Answer 46

tendon

Question 47

manufactures red and white blood cells

Answer 47

red bone marrow

Question 48

most freely movable joints in the body

Answer 48

ball and socket joints

Question 49

muscle cell in the heart

Answer 49

cardiac muscle cell

Question 50

circulation to the kidneys

Answer 50

renal circulation

Question 51

circulation to the heart

Answer 51

coronary circulation

Question 52

circulation to the liver

Answer 52

portal circulation

Question 53

high blood pressure

Answer 53

hypertension

Question 54

sacs at the end of the bronchioles in the lungs

Answer 54

alveoli

Question 55

disease similar to dementia but occurs much earlier in life and may be genetic

Answer 55

Alzheimer's disease

Question 56

organs responsible for taste

Answer 56

taste buds

Question 57

nerve of the body that connects the nose to the brain

Answer 57

olfactory nerve

Question 58

nerve of the body that connects the eye to the brain

Answer 58

optic nerve

Question 59

1. cells in the eye responsible for color 2. cells in the eye responsible for light and dark

Answer 59

1. cones 2. rods

Question 60

building blocks of proteins

Answer 60

amino acids

Question 61

fatty substances that are insoluble in water

Answer 61

lipids

Question 62

organs that tear and crush food for easier digestion

Answer 62

teeth

Question 63

most common disease in man

Answer 63

cavities (dental caries)

Question 64

rhythmic wave of muscular contractions of the esophagus and digestive tract

Answer 64

peristalsis

Question 65

primary organ of digestion and absorption

Answer 65

small intestine

Question 66

signals the liver and muscles to remove glucose from the blood and store it as glycogen

Answer 66

insulin

Question 67

infection of the colon

Answer 67

dysentery

Question 68

condition that occurs when the blood pressure drops to a critical low

Answer 68

circulatory shock

Question 69

disorder resulting from too little oxygen being transported to body cells

Answer 69

anemia

Question 70

what are part of the immune system

Answer 70

white blood cells (leukocytes)

Question 71

1. universal blood donor 2. universal blood recipient

Answer 71

1. O- 2. AB+

Question 72

body's most efficient pump

Answer 72

heart

Question 73

inability of the body to clot blood

Answer 73

hemophilia

Question 74

largest artery

Answer 74

aorta

Question 75

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Answer 75

arteries

Question 76

blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

Answer 76

veins