Test 1 (Ch. 1-2) Flashcards
(121 cards)
1
Q
study of living things
A
biology
2
Q
living things
A
organisms
3
Q
regions where particular organisms normally live
A
habitats
4
Q
the study of plants
A
botany
5
Q
the study of animals
A
zoology
6
Q
the study of the physical structure of the human body
A
human anatomy
7
Q
the study of the function of the human body
A
human physiology
8
Q
About __1__ of the food we eat comes directly from plants. The other __2__ comes from animals that eat plants
A
- two-thirds
- third
9
Q
reproductive part of the plant
A
flower
10
Q
part of the plant that makes the food
A
leaf
11
Q
two types of plants:
A
woody and herbaceous
12
Q
any plant with a long, thin stem that either grows along the ground or has tendrils that twine around a support
A
vine
13
Q
main root grows straight down and remains larger than the secondary roots that branch off from it
A
taproot system
14
Q
primary root remains small and many slender secondary roots grow from it in all directions
A
fibrous root system
15
Q
flowering seed plants
A
angiosperm
16
Q
plants whose flowers produce seeds covered by fruit
A
angiosperms
17
Q
about ______ of plants are angiosperms
A
half
18
Q
flowers of the composite family
A
heads
19
Q
composite family example
A
daisy
20
Q
plant family with square stems and are aromatic
A
mint family
21
Q
mint family example
A
basil
22
Q
plant family used in foods and seasonings
A
parsley family
23
Q
parsley family example
A
carrot
24
Q
plant family with an open, five-petal design
A
rose family
25
rose family example
strawberry
26
plant family used to prevent soil erosion
pea family (legumes)
27
pea family example
peanut
28
mustard family example
kale
29
nitrogen compounds (nitrogen and oxygen) that plants can use
nitrates
30
bacteria, found on the roots of legumes, that converts nitrogen into nitrates
nitrogen-fixing bacteria
31
provides nitrates to the soil from decomposing plants and animals (ammonia)
nitrifying bacteria
32
movement of nitrogen from the air into the soil and back into the air
nitrogen cycle
33
change nitrates into atmospheric nitrogen
denitrifying bacteria
34
lily family example
tulip
35
plant family contain the three most common poisonous plants
cashew family
36
cashew family example
poison ivy
37
nightshade family example
tomato
38
stored food for the seed
cotyledon
39
monocot characteristics
1. one cotyledon
2. parallel veins
3. petals in multiples of 3
4. fibrous roots
40
dicot characteristics
1. two cotyledons
2. branching veins
3. petals in multiples of 4 or 5
41
considered the most important group of plants on earth
grasses
42
grass family example
wheat
43
the three most important cereal crops
wheat, corn, and rice
44
horizontal stem of a grass plant
stolon
45
largest plant
tree
46
trees having broad, flat leaves
broadleaf trees
47
trees that lose their leaves each fall and are bare all winter
deciduous trees
48
retain their leaves throughout winter
evergreen trees
49
long, tassel-like clusters that are the seeds of some trees
catkins
50
most popular trees of residential areas
maples
51
fruit of maple trees
samaras
52
symbol of the American South
magnolias
53
known for their thin, smooth bark that peels off in layers
birch trees
54
known for their acorns and are used to make furniture
oak trees
55
grow along rivers and in other damp areas
willow trees
56
America’s largest deciduous tree
sycamores
57
have both male and female trees
holly trees
58
_____ are known for their bracts (modified leaves that look like white petals)
dogwood trees
59
group of structures designed to function together as a unit to perform a particular job for an organism
system
60
The _______ is the part of the plant that is ordinarily underground
root system
61
The _______ is the part of the plant that is usually found above ground
shoot system
62
a structure within a system that has a definite form and performs a definite function or functions for the system
organ
63
three basic leaf shapes:
1. broad and flat
2. long and narrow
3. needle-like or scale-like
64
flat portion of the leaf
blade
65
edge of the leaf
margin
66
main vein of a leaf
midrib
67
attaches the blade to the stem
petiole
68
leaf that lacks a petiole
sessile
69
grass that takes the place of a petiole
sheath
70
small leaf-like or scale-like structures that help cover the leaf
stipules
71
developing leaf or stem structures
buds
72
one blade on every petiole
simple leaves
73
more than one blade on every petiole
compound leaves
74
place where the leaf grows from the stem
node
75
two leaves growing from each node
opposite arrangement
76
one leaf per node
alternate arrangement
77
three or more leaves growing from each node
whorled arrangement
78
cluster of leaves at the base of a plant
rosette arrangement
79
most of the body of the plant is made up of _____
structural tissue
80
sap-conducting tissue
vascular tissue
81
vascular tissue that transports sap and water upward
xylem
82
vascular tissue that transports sap and water downward
phloem
83
sweet liquid within the vascular tissue of plants
sap
84
responsible for the growth and repair of plants
meristematic tissue
85
provides covering and protection for both the upper and lower leaf surfaces
epidermis
86
tiny openings in the lower epidermis of leaves that regulate transpiration
stomata
87
middle portion of the leaf where photosynthesis takes place
mesophyll
88
______ run through the mesophyll layers and contain vascular tissue
veins
89
pattern of veins within leaves
venation
90
veins are parallel to each other
parallel venation
91
branching pattern of veins with one main vein
pinnate venation
92
characterized by two or more major veins extending outward from one point
palmate venation
93
the basic structural unit of all living things
cell
94
surrounds the cell, separates it from its environment, and regulates what enters and leaves the cell
cell membrane
95
spherical body often located near the center of the cell that controls the cell’s activities
nucleus
96
consists of many molecules and organelles that make up the cell and of the fluid medium that surrounds them
cytoplasm
97
found in plant cells; outside the cell membrane
cell wall
98
complex carbohydrate that makes up the cell wall
cellulose
99
a substance that adds stiffening to the walls of the woody cells in trees and shrubs
lignin
100
tiny chemical “factories” that use light to manufacture food
chloroplasts
101
the green pigment that gives plants their color and enables them to capture the energy of light
chlorophyll
102
storage structures in cells
vacuoles
103
organisms that can make their own food
autotrophs (producers)
104
organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain it from other organisms
heterotrophs (consumers)
105
process whereby a plant’s chloroplasts capture the radiant energy of light and convert it into the chemical energy of food
photosynthesis
106
know the formula for photosynthesis
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + photons (light energy) -> C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2 (oxygen)
107
example(s) of light reactions
ATP and NADPH
108
example(s) of dark reactions
glucose
109
uses oxygen and glucose to produce energy
cellular respiration
110
sugar used for transportation in a plant
sucrose
111
form of sugar that is stored in plants
starch
112
factors that affect photosynthesis
1. Amount of available carbon dioxide
2. Temperature
3. Amount of available water
4. Intensity of light striking the leaf
113
pigment in a leaf that produces yellowish-orange colors
carotene
114
layer of cells that cuts the leaves from the stem
abscission layer
115
special enzyme that weakens the cell walls of the abscission layer
cellulase
116
the process by which a plant loses water vapor through its leaves and stems
transpiration
117
three factors that affect transpiration
1. humidity
2. wind speed
3. soil water
118
pressure of water inside the guard cells
turgor pressure
119
open and close the stomata
guard cells
120
occurs if the rate of transpiration is too high
wilting
121
leaf that has a special design for a special task
special leaf
