Testing - W02 Flashcards
Ultimate Goal (teaching, testing, learning)
Communicative Competence
Native Speaker’s Language Knowledge
Communicative Competence
Lado’s Model of Language Proficiency
Language as a system of communication
Language as a a system of communication (comprises)
- Phonemes (smallest)
- Morphemes
- Phrases
- Clauses
- Sentences
Communicative Competence (History)
- Lado’s language proficiency
- Hymes (1972)
- Canale and Swain (1980)
- Canale (1983)
- Bachman (1990)
- Bachman and Palmer (1996, 2010) - most complete
Hymes (1972)
- Human ability to use language social function
(possible, feasible, appropriate)
- Non Linguistic Elements
- Language Knowledge
(competence - grammar+use vs.)
- Performance
Knowledge is
Underlying
Competence
Cognitive Ability to use (C1, C2, C3)
Performance
Use judged acceptability in context (actual: writing, orally, reading)
Canale and Swain (1980)
Syllabus + test desing for communicative purposes
- Grammatical Competence
- Sociolinguistic Knowledge (rules of use, context)
- Strategic Competence (compensate)
Canale (1983)
Canale (1983)
- Knowledge and Skill
(Gramm, Scioling, Strategic, Driscours)
- Actual Communication
Canale (1983) - Knowledge and Skill
- Grammatical Competence
- Sociolinguistic Competence
- Strategic Competence
- Discours Competence
Canale (1983) - Actual Communication
Instances of Language Use (performance): the realization of such knowledge and skill under limiting psychological and environmental conditions
Communication Always involves
Participation
Bachman & Palmer (1996, 2010)
- Framework of Language Ability
- 2 Broad Areas: Language Know. + Metacognitive Strat.
Bachman (1990)
”
Communicative Competence
Organizational Competence
- (Grammatical, Textual)
Pragmatic Competence
- (Illocutionary, Sociolinguistic)
“
Bachman & Palmer’s (1996, 2010) - 2 Broad Areas
- Areas of Language Knowledge
- Areas of Metacognitive Strategy Use
Bachman & Palmer’s (1996, 2010) - Language Knowledge (Area 1)
- Oranizational Knowledge
- Textual Knowledge
- Pragmatic Knowedge (Functional Knw. + Sociolinguistic Knw.)
Bachman & Palmer - Lang. knw. - Organizational knw.
Voc, syntax, etc.
Bachman & Palmer - Lang. knw. - Textual knowledge
Rhetorical or Converstional Organization
Bachman & Palmer - Lang. knw. - Pragmatic Knw.
- Functional knw.
- Sociolinguistic knw.
- How utterances or sentences are related to the communicative goals of the language user and to the features of the language use setting
Bachman & Palmer - Lang. knw. - Pragmatic Knw. - Functional knw.
“ideational, manipulative, heuristic, imaginative functions”
Bachman & Palmer - Lang. knw. - Pragmatic Knw. - Sociolinguistic Knw.
”
Genres, dialects/ varieties, registers, natural or idiomatic expressions, cultural references and figures of speech
“
Bachman & Palmer’s (1996, 2010) - Metacognitive Strategy Use (Area 2)
- Goal Setting (deciding what one is going to do)
- Appraising (taking stock of what is needed, what one has to work with, and how well one has done)
- Planning (deciding how to use what one has)
