Textbook Quiz - Metabolism

Question 1

The energy for metabolism is primarily transferred by molecules of

Answer 1

ATP

Question 2

Formation of protein molecules from amino acids is an example of

Answer 2

anabolism

Question 3

The amount of energy released in catabolism that is available for cellular functions equals about

Answer 3

40%

Question 4

Within a living cell, the oxidation of one molecule is always coupled with the simultaneous ___ of another molecule

Answer 4

reduction

Question 5

A coupled chemical reaction that directly transfers a high energy phosphate group from a substrate to ADP, producing ATP is

Answer 5

substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 6

In the transitional step between glycolysis and the Krebs cycle,

Answer 6

pyruvic acid undergoes decarboxylation

Question 7

Which hormones stimulates gluconeogenesis

Answer 7

cortisol

Question 8

a stepwise release of energy for the generation of ATP

Answer 8

electron transport chain

Question 9

Which of these four processes is called anaerobic respiration?
- glycolysis
- formation of Acetyle coenzyme A
- Krebs cycle
- electron transport chain

Answer 9

glycolysis

Question 10

Which of these four processes produces ATP from NADH and FADH2?
- glycolysis
- formation of Acetyle coenzyme A
- Krebs cycle
- electron transport chain

Answer 10

electron transport chain

Question 11

As a result of glycolysis, there is a net gain of __ ATP molecules

Answer 11

two

Question 12

In glycolysis, what is the correct ATP energy budget?

Answer 12

4 ATPs produced - 2 ATPs used = net gain of 2 ATPs

Question 13

Which of the following reactions does NOT occur in the Krebs cycle?
- production of reduced coenzyme
- production of carbon dioxide
- generation of GTP, which is used to produce ATP
- formation of lactic acid in the absence of oxygen

Answer 13

formation of lactic acid in the absence of oxygen

Question 14

For every glucose molecule metabolized, how many carbon dioxide molecules are produced?

Answer 14

6

Question 15

NADH dehydrogenase complex, cytochrome b-c1 complex, and cytochrome oxidase complex are all

Answer 15

proton pumps in the mitochondrial membrane

Question 16

In which cellular compartment does glycolysis occur

Answer 16

cytoplasm

Question 17

How many oxygen molecules are used during the complete oxidation of one glucose molecule

Answer 17

6

Question 18

Which of these four series of reactions uses oxygen in the last reaction of the series
- glycolysis
- formation of Acetyle coenzyme A
- Krebs cycle
- electron transport chain

Answer 18

electron transport chain

Question 19

In which process does chemiosmosis occur?

Answer 19

electron transport chain

Question 20

In fatty acid metabolism, which molecule enters the Krebs cycle?

Answer 20

acetyle CoA

Question 21

The function of HDLs is to

Answer 21

pick up excess cholesterol from body cells and the blood and return it to the liver

Question 22

The majority of fat in the body is stored in fat cells located

Answer 22

subcutaneously

Question 23

Acetone, acetoacetic acid, and beta-hydroxybutyric acid are

Answer 23

ketone bodies

Question 24

essential amino acids are those that

Answer 24

cannot be synthesized by humans in adequate amounts

Question 25

an increase in urea in the blood would indicate an increase in the breakdown of

Answer 25

amino acids

Question 26

before amino acids can enter the Krebs cycle, they must undergo

Answer 26

deamination

Question 27

after glucose 6-phosphate is formed in a cell it cannot

Answer 27

diffuse out of the cell

Question 28

which molecule will undergo different reactions, depending on whether oxygen is plentiful

Answer 28

pyruvic acid

Question 29

which of the following chemicals does NOT play a pivotal role in metabolism - glucose 6-phosphate - pyruvic acid - acetyl coenzyme A - lactic acid

Answer 29

lactic acid

Question 30

the main hormone that is active during the absorptive state is

Answer 30

insulin

Question 31

during the absorptive state, glucose is

Answer 31

oxidized for ATP production

Question 32

During the postabsoprtive state, when we exercise, the anaerobically produced lactic acid is

Answer 32

carried to the liver where it can be converted into glucose and put back into the blood

Question 33

body temp. is ultimately regulated by the

Answer 33

hypothalamus

Question 34

convection is

Answer 34

transfer of heat by a liquid or gas between areas of different temps.

Question 35

the areas of the brain that regulate food intake are located in the

Answer 35

hypothalamus

Question 36

the major regulator of BMR is

Answer 36

thyroid hormone

Question 37

too high a core body temp can be fatal because it causes

Answer 37

denaturation of proteins

Question 38

an inc. in core body temp. of one degree C will inc. the rate of biochemical reactions by about

Answer 38

10%

Question 39

in the neg feedback mechanism of body temp heat regulation, in response to dec of body temp, the hypothalamus

Answer 39

releases thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Question 40

When you touch a cool object, you are losing heat by

Answer 40

conduction

Question 41

is used for growth, maintenance, and repair

Answer 41

a nutrient

Question 42

vitamin D deficiency causes

Answer 42

rickets and osteomalacia

Question 43

experts in good nutrition recommend that we get about ___ of our calories from complex carbs

Answer 43

50-60%

Question 44

the base of the food guide pyramid includes

Answer 44

bread and cereals

Question 45

which of the following minerals serves as an antioxidant, prevents chromosome damage, and may play a role in preventing certain birth defects

Answer 45

selenium

Question 46

which vitamin is essential for the formation of pigments in photoreceptors of retina and, if deficient, leads to night blindness

Answer 46

A

Question 47

the only B vitamin not found in vegetables, the only vitamin requiring intrinsic factor for proper absorption, and the vitamin necessary for RBC formation is vitamin

Answer 47

B12 (cyanocobalamin)

Question 48

when, as a result of pyrogens, the body thermostat is set to a higher temp. , you will experience

Answer 48

a chill

Question 49

obesity is defined as a body weight more than __ above a desirable standard due to excessive accumulation of adipose tissue

Answer 49

20%