Textbook Quiz - Urinary System

Question 1

The kidneys help control BP by the secretion of

Answer 1

renin

Question 2

A function of the kidney is to

Answer 2

regulate blood ionic composition

Question 3

The kidneys secrete the hormone erythropoietin, which functions to

Answer 3

control the rate of RBC production

Question 4

Which of the following structures are found in the renal cortex?
- distal convoluted tubules
- renal columns
- collecting ducts
- minor calyces

Answer 4

distal convoluted tubules

Question 5

drains into the ureter

Answer 5

renal pelvis

Question 6

The outer layer of the 3 layers of tissue that surround the kidney is the

Answer 6

renal fascia

Question 7

the innermost layer of the 3 layers of tissue that protect the kidney is the

Answer 7

renal capsule

Question 8

the renal papillae contain papillary ducts which empty into the

Answer 8

minor calyces

Question 9

What is the correct pathy of fluid through a juxtamedullary nephron?

Answer 9

proximal convoluted tubule, descending loop of Henle, ascending loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule

Question 10

the nephron has two parts. they are the

Answer 10

renal corpuscle and renal tubule

Question 11

the visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule is covered with specialized cells called

Answer 11

podocytes

Question 12

externally, the kidney is protected and supported by connective tissue and

Answer 12

adipose tissue

Question 13

renal BP remains fairly constant d/t the function of the

Answer 13

juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 14

in what type of nephrons do the renal corpuscle lie in the outer portion of the renal cortex

Answer 14

cortical nephrons

Question 15

the proximal convoluted tubule is made up of

Answer 15

cuboidal cells with many microvilli

Question 16

what is the function of adipose tissue to the kidney

Answer 16

protect the kidney from trauma and hold it firmly in place within the abdominal cavity

Question 17

what type of nephron enables kidney to excrete very dilute or very concentrated urine

Answer 17

juxtamedullary nephron

Question 18

fenestrations are associated with the

Answer 18

glomerulus

Question 19

filtration of blood occurs where

Answer 19

in the glomerulus

Question 20

which of the following molecules cannot pass the filtration membranes in the kidneys?
- sodium ions
- glucose
- amino acids
- large proteins

Answer 20

large proteins

Question 21

glomerular filtrate is produced as a result of

Answer 21

blood hydrostatic pressure

Question 22

normally, NFP in the kidney is about

Answer 22

10 mm Hg

Question 23

In the process of renal autoregulation, when the juxtaglomerular apparatus secretes less vasoconstrictor substance,

Answer 23

the afferent arterioles dilate, inc. glomerular filtration rate

Question 24

which pressure is the primary pressure driving glomerular filtration

Answer 24

glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure

Question 25

sodium is moved out of the cells of the proximal convoluted tubule and into the interstitial fluid by the process of

Answer 25

active transport

Question 26

reabsorption is the movement of molecules from the __ into the ___

Answer 26

renal tubules, peritubular capillaries

Question 27

very little water reabsorption occurs in the

Answer 27

thick ascending loop of Henle

Question 28

sodium ions move through the apical membranes of principal cells of the collecting duct by

Answer 28

diffusion

Question 29

chloride ions are actively reabsorbed from the

Answer 29

thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle

Question 30

potassium ions are actively secreted into the tubular fluid of the

Answer 30

distal convoluted tubule

Question 31

most reabsorption occurs in the

Answer 31

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 32

which of the following chemicals is an enzyme secreted by the juxtaglomerular apparatus

Answer 32

renin

Question 33

glucose enters the proximal convoluted tubule cells by __ and leaves the cell into the interstitial fluid by ___

Answer 33

sodium ion-glucose symporters, facilated diffusion

Question 34

the main region of the kidney tubule that is impermeable to water is the

Answer 34

thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle

Question 35

the main regulator of facultative water reabsorption is

Answer 35

antidiuretic hormone

Question 36

what occurs by the action NA+ symporters in the apical membrane of tubule cells?

Answer 36

both reabsorption of glucose by proximal convoluted tubule cells and reabsorption of amino acids by proximal convoluted tubule cells

Question 37

ions, but not water, are reabsorbed from the tubular fluid in the ascending loop of Henle. therefore, the osmolarity of the fluid entering the DCT is

Answer 37

less than blood

Question 38

In renal interstitial fluid

Answer 38

sodium chloride concentration inc. from cortex to medulla

Question 39

inc. sodium and chloride ion concentrations in the interstitial fluid of the renal medulla is the result of

Answer 39

countercurrent mechanism

Question 40

the most important solutes that contribute to the high osmolarity of the interstitial fluid in the renal medulla are

Answer 40

sodium ions, chloride ions, and urea

Question 41

urine contains

Answer 41

waste products of metabolism

Question 42

creatinine is produced by the breakdown of creatine phosphate in the skeletal muscles. its useful for determining GFR because its

Answer 42

filtered but not reabsorbed or secreted

Question 43

the color of urine is d/t the presence of a chemical called

Answer 43

urochrome

Question 44

urine leave the urinary bladder through the

Answer 44

urethra

Question 45

the external opening of the urinary system is the

Answer 45

external urethral orifice

Question 46

urine reaches the urinary bladder through the

Answer 46

ureter

Question 47

during what reflex, do the parasympathetic fibers conduct impulses from the spinal cord that cause contraction of the detrusor muscle

Answer 47

micturition reflex

Question 48

the urinary bladder in the female lies inferior to the

Answer 48

uterus

Question 49

which waste management system binds excess hydrogen ions and thus prevents an inc. in the acidity of the body fluids

Answer 49

body buffers

Question 50

in the embryo, the first kidney to form is the

Answer 50

pronephros

Question 51

the normal kidneys are only about __ as affective at the age of 70 as they are at the age of 40

Answer 51

50%

Question 52

a pt. has sx. that include painful, frequent urination, and low back pain. Further examination reveals inflammation of the mucosa and submucosa of the urinary bladder. The pt. has

Answer 52

cystitis

Question 53

A pt. is brought to the ER. Blood eval. reveals high levels of creatinine, urea, uric acid, and potassium. Family members report failure to urinate, even though the pt. consumed a fairly large quantity of water during the day. The pt. is experiencing

Answer 53

renal failure