Textbook Quiz - Endocrine System

Question 1

Which of the following does not describe hormones in the body?
- A) They are mediator molecules released in one part of the body but regulating the activity of cells in other parts of the body
- B) most hormones enter interstitial fluid and then the bloodstream
- C) hormones acts on muscles and glands only
- D) hormones exert their effects by binding to receptors on or in the “target” cells

Answer 1

C) hormones acts on muscles and glands only

Question 2

When an excess of a hormone is present the number of target cell receptors may decrease. This change is called

Answer 2

down-regulation

Question 3

term for local hormones that act on the same cell that secreted them

Answer 3

autocrines

Question 4

In the stomach, the release of histamine by mast cells stimulates nearby cells to secrete hydrochloric acid. Histamine can therefore be classified as

Answer 4

a paracrine

Question 5

a “second messenger” for hormone response is

Answer 5

cAMP

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of steroid hormones?
- A) they are lipid soluble
- B) receptors are located on the cell membrane
- C) they act on the DNA level
- D) they work through intracellular receptors

Answer 6

B) receptors are located on the cell membrane

Question 7

Upon entering the blood, steroid and thyroid hormones

Answer 7

attach to specific transport proteins

Question 8

hormone secretion is regulated by all but which of the following?
- A) neural signals
- B) blood chemistry changes
- C) other hormones
- D) CSF changes

Answer 8

D) CSF changes

Question 9

Which of the following hormones requires a releasing hormone from the hypothalamus for its secretion?
- A) oxytocin
- B) prolactin
- C) ADH
- D) calcitonin

Answer 9

B) prolactin

Question 10

target cells for hypothalamic releasing hormones are in the

Answer 10

anterior pituitary

Question 11

tropic hormones are secreted by the

Answer 11

anterior pituitary

Question 12

stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids

Answer 12

adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 13

stimulates protein synthesis and inhibits protein breakdown

Answer 13

human growth hormone, through the action of insulin-like growth factors

Question 14

the major integrating link between the nervous and endocrine systems

Answer 14

hypothalamus

Question 15

the cell bodies of the axons of the posterior pituitary gland are actually located in the

Answer 15

hypothalamus of the brain

Question 16

blood passes in a direct route from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland through

Answer 16

hypophyseal portal veins

Question 17

Which endocrine gland is NOT regulated by tropic hormones of the anterior pituitary?
- A) parathyroid gland
- B) thyroid gland
- C) adrenal cortex
- D) ovaries

Answer 17

A) parathyroid gland

Question 18

the most abundant anterior pituitary hormone is

Answer 18

human growth hormone (hGH)

Question 19

abnormally high levels of which anterior pituitary hormone will lead to hyperglycemia?

Answer 19

human growth hormone

Question 20

the posterior pituitary gland stores and secretes

Answer 20

oxytocin and ADH

Question 21

if you drank a liter of water very quickly, the result would be

Answer 21

decreased secretion of ADH

Question 22

abnormally low secretion of ADH from the posterior pituitary gland results in the disease

Answer 22

diabetes insipidis

Question 23

for the formation of thyroxine to occur, it is essential that _ be present

Answer 23

iodine

Question 24

which of the following hormones influence metabolism of most somatic cells?
- A) PRL
- B) T3
- C) FSH
- D) thymosin

Answer 24

B) T3

Question 25

thyroid hormones are synthesized in thyroglobulin from

Answer 25

iodine and tyrosine

Question 26

what stimulates the release of PTH from the parathyroid gland?

Answer 26

low levels of calcium ion in the blood

Question 27

which of the following produce antagonistic results? - A) FSH and LH - B) calcitonin and parathyroid hormone - C) ADH and vasopressin - D) oxytocin and prolactin

Answer 27

B) calcitonin and parathyroid hormone

Question 28

the concentration of calcium ions and phosphates in the blood is regulated by

Answer 28

PTH

Question 29

which of the following is classified as a glucocorticoid? - A) vasopressin - B) aldosterone - C) cortisol - D) epinephrine

Answer 29

C) cortisol

Question 30

which region of the adrenal gland produces mineralocorticoids?

Answer 30

zona glomerulosa

Question 31

zona fasciculata, influence protein and fat metabolism, and promote vasoconstriction

Answer 31

glucocorticoids

Question 32

which chemical acts both as a neurotransmitter in some locations and as a hormone in other locations?

Answer 32

norepinephrine

Question 33

adrenal hormones useful in treating chronic inflammatory disorders such as rheumatism are:

Answer 33

glucocorticoids

Question 34

the release of cortisol is stimulated by

Answer 34

ACTH

Question 35

which part of the adrenal gland produces hormones that are essential to life?

Answer 35

zona fasciculate

Question 36

the _ cells of the islets of Langerhans secrete insulin

Answer 36

beta

Question 37

which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine functions? - A) pancreas - B) anterior pituitary - C) thyroid - D) adrenal medulla

Answer 37

A) pancreas

Question 38

which hormone is not produced in the male? - A) inhibin - B) testosterone - C) FSH - D) relaxin

Answer 38

D) relaxin

Question 39

the pineal gland is located in

Answer 39

brain

Question 40

jet lag is associated with the changes in secretion of a hormone from the

Answer 40

pineal gland

Question 41

a hormone released by the kidneys that stimulates the absorption of calcium ions from the digestive tract is

Answer 41

calcitriol

Question 42

are eicosanoids that act as local hormones in most body tissues

Answer 42

prostaglandins

Question 43

eicosanoid hormones are produced in

Answer 43

all cells excepts RBCs

Question 44

In 1971, it was discovered that ASA exerts its effect in reducing pain and inflammation by blocking the chemical synthesis of:

Answer 44

prostaglandins

Question 45

the releasing hormones of the hypothalamus responsible for initiating the resistance reaction phase of the GAS are

Answer 45

CRH, TRH, and GHRH

Question 46

Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids results in the following clinical symptoms: redistribution of body fat, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, weakness, HTN, 'moon face', and 'buffalo hump', excessive bruising, and poor wound healing. These symptoms associated with

Answer 46

Cushing's syndrome

Question 47

a sign of pituitary dwarfism is

Answer 47

premature closing of the epiphyseal plates

Question 48

glycosuria, polyuria, ketosis, and hyperglycemia

Answer 48

diabetes mellitus

Question 49

Type II diabetes most often occurs in humans who are overweight and

Answer 49

over 35 years in age

Question 50

either a deficiency of insulin production by the pancreas, or defects in insulin receptors on target cells, result in the disease

Answer 50

diabetes mellitus