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Human Anatomy 2320 > The Heart > Flashcards

The Heart Flashcards

(96 cards)

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1
Q

Do arteries carry blood towards or away from the heart?

A

Away

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2
Q

What are arterioles?

A

Smaller branches of arteries

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3
Q

What type of blood runs through arteries?

A

High oxygen blood

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4
Q

Do veins carry blood towards or away from the heart?

A

Towards the heart

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5
Q

What are venules?

A

Smaller branches of veins

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6
Q

What blood runs through veins?

A

Low oxygen blood

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7
Q

What is pulmonary circulation?

A

The right side of the heart (right atrium and the right ventricle)

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8
Q

What do the pulmonary arteries deliver?

A

Poorly oxygen blood to the lungs

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9
Q

What do pulmonary veins deliver?

A

The deliver high oxygen blood to the LEFT side of the heart

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10
Q

What is systemic circulation?

A

The left side of the heart (left atrium and the left ventricle)

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11
Q

What is the aorta?

A

A artery pumping blood from the left side of the heart into smaller arteries

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12
Q

What is the superior vena cava?

A

Where the veins merge superoirly

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13
Q

Where does the superior vena cava drain?

A

Into the right atrium

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14
Q

What is the inferior vena cava?

A

Where the veins merge inferiorly

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15
Q

Where does the inferior vena cava drain?

A

Into the right atrium

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16
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

The sac resisting movement of the heart

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17
Q

What is the fibrous pericardium?

A

The outer lining attaching to the diaphragm

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18
Q

What is the serous pericardium?

A

The inner lining

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19
Q

What is the parietal layer of the serous pericardium?

A

The layer attached to the wall

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20
Q

What is the visceral layer of the serous pericardium?

A

The layer attached to the heart

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21
Q

What is another name for the visceral layer?

A

The epicardium

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22
Q

What is the pericardial cavity?

A

The space between parietal and visceral layers

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23
Q

What is in the pericardial cavity?

A

Serous fluid

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24
Q

What are the three layers of the heart?

A

1) Epicardium
2) Myocardium
3) Endocardium

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25
What is the epicardium?
The outer fat layer and the visceral layer of serous pericardium
26
What is the myocardium?
Th middle cardiac muscle layer of the heart
27
What happens in the myocardium?
Myocardial infractions can happen here
28
What is the endocardium?
The inner layer with endothelium lining
29
What are atriums and where are they located?
They are thin walls located superior to the ventricle
30
Where does the right atrium get blood from?
The systemic circuit (superior/inferior vena cavas, and the coronary sinus)
31
Where does the left atrium get blood from?
The pulmonary circuit (the pulmonary veins)
32
What are auricles?
The most anterior portion of the atriums
33
What are the ventricles?
The think inferior chambers
34
Where does blood exit the ventricles?
The pulmonary trunk and aorta
35
What is the fibrous skeleton?
The connective tissue between the atria and ventricles
36
What is the fibrous skeleton NOT?
It is not electrically conductive which prevents spastic conduction
37
What is the intraatrial septum?
It separates the right and left atriums
38
What is the fossa ovalis?
The depression that was once the foramen ovale
39
What are papillary muscles?
Muscles that help the AV values
40
What is chordae tendineae?
They attach to the cusps of the AV values that prevent the flaps from everting (going backwards)
41
What is the trabeculae carneae?
The ridges located in the ventricles
42
Where is the bicuspid value located?
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
43
How many flaps does the bicuspid value have?
Two flaps
44
Does the bicuspid value have chordae tendineae?
Yes
45
Does the bicuspid valve have papillary muscles?
Yes
46
Where in the aortic semilunar valve located?
Between the left ventricle and the aorta
47
Does the aortic semilunar valve have chordae tendineae or papillary muscles?
No it has neither
48
Where is the tricuspid valve (right AV valve) located?
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
49
How many flaps does the tricuspid valve have?
Three flaps
50
Does the tricuspid valve have chordae tendineae and papillary muscles?
Yes it has both
51
Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located?
Between the right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk
52
Does the pulmonary semilunar valve have chordae tendineae or papillary muscles?
No it has neither
53
What is the 14 step pathway of the blood?
1) right atrium 2) tricuspid valve (right AV valve) 3) right ventricle 4) pulmonary semilunar valve 5) pulmonary trunk 6) pulmonary arteries 7) lungs (gas exchange) 8) pulmonary veins 9) left atrium 10) bicuspid (mitral) valve 11) left ventricle 12) aortic semilunar valve 13) aorta 14) body
54
Where does the right atrium get the blood from?
- superior vena cava - inferior vena cava - coronary sinus
55
Where does the left atrium get its blood from?
- pulmonary veins
56
What is pericarditis?
Inflammation of visceral and parietal layers of the heart
57
What sound does pericarditis make?
It creates “fraction rub” sound
58
What can pericarditis lead to?
Leads to cardiac tamponade
59
What can pericarditis create?
Sharp pain
60
What is cardiac tamponade?
Pressure on the heart due to fluid
61
What is pulses paradoxus?
When you breath in and your pulse disappears
62
What does JVD stand for?
Jugular vein distention
63
What can JVD present as?
Veins in neck bulging due to increase pressure and fluid
64
What are the three parts of the coronary circuit?
1) L&R coronary arteries 2) cardiac vein 3) coronary sinus
65
What do the L&R coronary arteries do?
- they are the blood supply to the heart itself
66
Where do heart attacks happen?
In the L&R coronary arteries
67
Where do the L&R coronary arteries branch off?
At the ascending aorta
68
What do the cardiac veins pick up?
They pick up deoxygenated blood from the myocardial capillaries
69
What is the area where the coronary veins drain?
The coronary sinus
70
Where does the coronary sinus drain?
The right atrium
71
What is a valvular regurgitation?
A heart murmur
72
What is a heart murmur?
Blood flowing backwards through a closed valve
73
What can valvular regurgitation be caused by?
May be caused by infection (rheumatic fever, strep)
74
What is tachycardia?
Fast heart rate
75
What is bradycardia?
Slow heart rate
76
What is hypotension?
Low blood pressure which reduces blood flow to the ventricles
77
What is ischemia?
Inadequate supply of oxygen and blood to a body part
78
Is a myocardial ischemia painful or painless?
Painless
79
What is an angina pectoris ?
A lack of blood flow to the heart tissue causing death of the tissue
80
What are the 6 myocardial infractions?
1) heart attack 2) lock of blood flow 3) dead heart tissue 4) pain in the arm 5) pressure, crushing pain felt 6) coronary arteries
81
What is a sinoatrial (SA) node?
The peacemaker of the heart
82
What initiates the heartbeat?
The sinoatrial node
83
What receives impulses from the SA node?
The atrioventricular (AV) node
84
What does the atrioventrivular bundle receive impulses from?
It receives impulses from the AV node
85
How many bundles are in the atrioventricular bundle?
- one right bundle - two left bundles
86
What do purkinje fibers do?
Conduct impulses
87
What does sympathetic innervation do?
Increase heart rate and contraction force
88
What does parasympathetic innervation do?
Decrease heart rate and has no effect on contraction force
89
What is vasovagal syncope?
Passing out due to hyperventilation
90
What is a systole?
The contraction of the chambers when blood is forced from another chamber or blood vessel
91
What is diastole?
The relaxation of the chambers when the chamber fills up with blood
92
What is cardiac output?
Amount of blood pumped from ventricles in one minute
93
What is the foramen ovale?
The opening in interartrial septum allowing for blood passage while in the womb
94
What is the septum primum?
Tissue that covers foramen ovale after first breath is taken after birth
95
What is the fossa ovalis?
The depression where the foramen ovale was covered by the septum primum
96
What are the three names for the failure of the septum primum to close?
- Patent foramen ovale - perforated fossa ovalis - atrial septal defect

Human Anatomy 2320 (13 decks)

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