the nervous system 2

Question 1

What is the PNS

Answer 1

nerves that connect the brain and spinal cord with body’s muscles, glands, sense organs and other tissues

Question 2

What is the CNS

Answer 2

brain and spinal cord

Question 3

What does the somatic nervous system innervate

Answer 3

skeletal muscle`

Question 4

what does the autonomic system innervate

Answer 4

smooth and cardiac muscle. glands, GI neurones

Question 5

mechanoreceptors

Answer 5

respond to mechanical stimuli

Question 6

propioreceptors

Answer 6

allow us to determine where our body is

Question 7

chemoreceptors

Answer 7

respond to binding of chemicals to the receptor membrane

Question 8

nociceptors

Answer 8

associated with feeling pain

Question 9

How does sensory afferent input move into the spinal cord

Answer 9

via the dorsal root

small bumps on dorsal roots (dorsal root ganglia) contain cell bodies of afferent neurones

Question 10

monosynaptic reflex

Answer 10

afferent fibres synapse straight onto motor neurones (for reflex arc/stretch reflex)

Question 11

ascending pathways

Answer 11

project up into the brain

specific ones project to the somatosensory cortex

Question 12

descending pathways

Answer 12

starts in the brain, down to the periphery

travels thorugh the raphe nuclei

Question 13

types of cranial nerves

Answer 13

olfactory, optic, oculomotor, vagus

Question 14

olfactory nerve

Answer 14

afferent

smell

Question 15

optic nerve

Answer 15

afferent

carries input from receptors in the eye

Question 16

oculomotor nerve

Answer 16

efferent

innervates skeletal muscles that move the eyeball

Question 17

vagus nerve

Answer 17

efferent

innervates skeletal muscle

Question 18

Glial cells

Answer 18

help neurones to perform their function

eg support, insulation, guide developing neurones, BBB, immune response

Question 19

where are glial cells found

Answer 19

surround the cell body, axon and dendrites of neurones

Question 20

types of glial cells

Answer 20

oligodendrocyte, astrocyte

Question 21

oligodendrocyte

Answer 21

producess myelin in the CNS (schwann cells do this in the PNS)

Question 22

What does the PNS consist of

Answer 22

nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord

Question 23

astrocyte

Answer 23

takes up K+ ions and neurotransmitters, then releases them elsewhere
keeps balance and regulates extracellular fluid composition
stimulates formation of tight junctions between cells that make up walls of capillaries in the brain (forms BBB)

Question 24

3 types of coverings of the CNS (between sof neural tissue and bones)

Answer 24

dura mater next to bones
arachnoid mater in th middle
pia mater next to nervous tissue

Question 25

what is the space between the arachnoid mater and pia mater filled with

Answer 25

CSF

Question 26

How does hydrocephalus occur

Answer 26

produce too much CSF

higher pressure, leads to brain damage

Question 27

What does the BBB ensure

Answer 27

bacteria and viruses can’t move from the blood into the brain

Question 28

downside of BBB

Answer 28

often impermeable to drugs