The pelvic floor and intro to the pelvic viscera

Question 1

what is the main function of the pelvic girdle?

Answer 1

attachment lower limbs to the trunk

Question 2

what composes the pelvic girdle?

Answer 2

innominate, pelvic and coccyx and sacrum

Question 3

what is considered to be the true pelvis?

Answer 3

position of the pelvis found between the pelvis inlet and outlet

Question 4

how could the female pelvis be described as?

Answer 4

wide and shallow
wide oval inlet
round outlet
subpubic angle ~90-100 degrees

Question 5

how could the male pelvis be described as?

Answer 5

Narrow and deep
Heart shaped inlet
Narrow oblong outlet
Subpubic angle ~70 degrees

Question 6

where does the sacrotuberous ligament range from?

Answer 6

the sacrum to ischial tuberosity

Question 7

where does the sacrospinous ligament range from

Answer 7

sacrum to ischial spine

Question 8

what is formed by the ST and SS ligaments?

Answer 8

greater and lesser scatic foramens

Question 9

what is the ST ligament a continuation of?

Answer 9

posterior sacroiliac ligament inferiorly

Question 10

what is the main function of the SS and ST ligaments?

Answer 10

prevent upward tilting of the distal sacrum, pulls the pelvis down

Question 11

in the lab how can piriformis be identified?

Answer 11

its the messy muscle that is covered by neurovascular structures

Question 12

where does piriformis range from?

Answer 12

Anterior sacrum to greater trochanter

Question 13

how does piriformis exit the pelvis?

Answer 13

via greater sciatic foramen

Question 14

what is the function of piriformis?

Answer 14

lateral rotator of the thighs

Question 15

where can obturator internus be found in the lab?

Answer 15

on the interior pelvis, need to look anteriorly for a white mark

Question 16

where does obturator internus range from?

Answer 16

Internal surface of the obturator foramen and membrane to greater trochanter

Question 17

how does obturator internus exit the pelvis?

Answer 17

Passes through lesser sciatic

Question 18

what is the function of obturator internus?

Answer 18

lateral rotator

Question 19

what is the white tendon like structure observed in lab posterior to the obturator internus?

Answer 19

tendinous arch of obturator internus

Question 20

how can the coccygeaus be identified in the lab?

Answer 20

its the naked muscle located under piriformis. it also attaches to the ischeal spine.
triangle like muscle with broad origins

Question 21

what ligament does coccygeaus pass over?

Answer 21

SS ligament on the interior pelvis

Question 22

how can the coccygeus be differentiated from the levator ani?

Answer 22

coccygeus attaches to the ischial spine. the muscle below that will then be levator ani

Question 23

where does iliococcygeus attach?

Answer 23

broad attachment on obturator internus

Question 24

which of the 3 mucles of levator Ani is found most posteriorly?

Answer 24

iliococcygeus

Question 25

what muscle works between the coccyx and the pelvis bone anteriorly

Answer 25

pubococcygeus

Question 26

what mucle creates a lsling around the posterior rectum?

Answer 26

puborectalis

Question 27

what are the main function s of puborectalis muscle?

Answer 27

supports abdominal viscera urinary and fecal continence increased resistance of intrapelvic/abdominal pressure

Question 28

what are the two important hiatus associated with the pelvic floor?

Answer 28

Urogenital hiatus | Rectal hiatus

Question 29

what process is done to avoid tearing of pelvic floor muscles in case of delivery?

Answer 29

episiotomy (mediolateral)

Question 30

how can pelvic floor muscles be exercised?

Answer 30

with kegal or vagal weights

Question 31

how does puborectalis function in a sitting position?

Answer 31

Chokes rectum to maintain continence in the sitting position

Question 32

in what position does the puborectalis muscle straighten out?

Answer 32

squatting position

Question 33

what contributes to fecal continence?

Answer 33

Tonic contraction of puborectalis

Question 34

what are the main parts of the male pelvic viscera?

Answer 34

``` Bladder Rectum Prostate Seminal vesicles Vas deferens Ureters ```

Question 35

what are the main parts of the female pelvic viscera?

Answer 35

``` Bladder Uterus rectum Vagina Ovaries Fallopian tubes Ureters ```

Question 36

what sits above the bladder in females?

Answer 36

uterus

Question 37

where is the retrovesicular pouch found in male pelvic viscera?

Answer 37

behind the bladder and the rectum

Question 38

where is the retrorectal space located in the pelvic viscera?

Answer 38

behind the rectum, space behind rectum and sacrim

Question 39

where is the retrovesicular space located?

Answer 39

deep to urogenital peritoneum

Question 40

where is the retropubic space located?

Answer 40

Behind pubic bone anterior to bladder

Question 41

where is the retrovaginal space located in female pelvic viscera?

Answer 41

Behind the vagina, anterior to the rectum

Question 42

what is denoted by the anorectal junction?

Answer 42

deputation between rectum and anal canal

Question 43

how are the transverse rectal folds divided into?

Answer 43

superior middle inferior

Question 44

what components make up the anal canal?

Answer 44

anal columns anal sinuses anal valves

Question 45

where is the rectal ampulla found?

Answer 45

inferior to the inferior transverse rectal fold

Question 46

what is the rectal ampulla?

Answer 46

diltated terminal aspect to the rectum

Question 47

where would the anal valves be identified in a lab?

Answer 47

at the end of the rectum, terminal section of the sinuses

Question 48

what controls defecation?

Answer 48

by internal and external rectal spincters

Question 49

how is the internal rectal sphincter contolled?

Answer 49

automatic

Question 50

how is the external rectal sphincter contolled?

Answer 50

somatic control

Question 51

what are some regions of ureter constriction

Answer 51

at the hilum of the kidney upon entering pelvis at the pelvic brim passes through the walls of the bladder

Question 52

to what part of the bladder is the median umbilical ligament an extensio of?

Answer 52

the apex

Question 53

what does the median umbilical ligament represent?

Answer 53

the urachus

Question 54

what is the urachus?

Answer 54

mechanism of draining urine from the fetus through the umbilical cord

Question 55

when does the bladder and kidneys begin to develope in the fetus?

Answer 55

8th week

Question 56

what is the function of the detrusor muscle?

Answer 56

relaxes during bladder filling | contracts during micturition

Question 57

what is the function of rugae in the bladder?

Answer 57

allows for distension

Question 58

what is the same of the area of smooth muscle in the bladder?

Answer 58

trigone

Question 59

what are the orifaces found on the sides of the trigone?

Answer 59

``` ureteric oriface (2) urethral oriface ```

Question 60

what controls micrurition?

Answer 60

urethral sphincters