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ANAT 316 > The UG triangle > Flashcards

The UG triangle Flashcards

1
Q

how are the UG and Anal triangles divided?

A

• Divided by an imaginary line extending between the ischial tuberosities

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2
Q

what borders the UG triangle?

A

anterior: pubic bone
laterally: ischiopubic ramus
posterior: line between ischial tuberosities

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3
Q

what is contained within the UG triangle?

A

urogenital hiatus

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4
Q

how are the genitals placed in the UG triangle?

A

tilted triangle so that the genitals are oriented posteriorly

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5
Q

what borders the anal triangle

A

Anterior: line between the ischial tuberosities
Lateral: ST ligament
Posterior: coccyx

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6
Q

what is contained in the anal triangle?

A

rectal hiatus

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7
Q

what is the perineal membrane

A

• Through, thin sheet of fascia covering the UG triangle

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8
Q

what is anchored by the perineal membrane?

A

genetilia

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9
Q

how is the perineal membrane divided into?

A

2 spaces (deep and superficial perineal pouches

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10
Q

which pouch is found superior to the perineal membrane?

A

deep perineal pouch

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11
Q

which pouch is found inferior to the perineal membrane?

A

superficial perineal pouch

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12
Q

what is located in the superficial perineal pouch?

A

external genitalia

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13
Q

what forms the posterior border of the superficial perineal pouch?

A

superficial transverse perineal muscle

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14
Q

what is contained in the superifical perineal pouch in females?

A

greater vestibular gland

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15
Q

what muscle is contained within the deep transverse perineal pocuh?

A

deep transverse perineal Muscle

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16
Q

what male sphincters/glands are found in the deep perineal pouch?

A

external urethral sphincter

bulbourethral gland

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17
Q

what female sphincters/glands are found in the deep perineal pouch?

A

External urethral sphincter Urethrovaginal sphincter

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18
Q

what is the perineal body?

A

Small mass of fibrous tissue located at the midpoint of the line between the ischial tuberosities

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19
Q

where is the perineal body located?

A

between UG and Anal triangles

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20
Q

what is the function of the perineal body?

A

Point of attachment for anal and urethral sphincters and attachment point for deep/superficial transverse perineal muscles

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21
Q

what is the perineal body essential for?

A

Essential to the integrity to the entire pelvic floor

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22
Q

when doing epistotomy, what are we trying not to cut?

A

the perineal body

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23
Q

the perineal body is found posterior to what in females? male?

A

vestibule in females

bulb of penis in males

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24
Q

what is the main function of the transverse perineal muscle?

A

provides strength to the perineal body

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25
what is the central component of the root of the penis?
bulb
26
what extends on either side of the penis from the root?
crura
27
where does the crura of the penis attach to
on the ischiopubic ramus
28
what are the columns of erectile tissues formed by crura?
2x copora cavernosus | 1x corpus spongiosum
29
what column(s) forms the dorsal surface of the penis?
copora cavernous
30
where does copora cavernous extend from?
Forms from the right and left crus of the penis
31
where does corpus spongiosum extend from?
Forms the bulb of the penis
32
what is contained in corpus spongiosum?
spongey urether
33
where can corpus spongiosum be seen?
on the ventral side of the penis
34
what are the glans of the penis?
a corn shaped end of the penis (distal)
35
how can the dorsal side of the penis be identified?
when the penis is erect, it faces towards us, its the top portion
36
how can the ventral side of the penis be identified?
when the penis is erect, it faces away from us, its the lower portion
37
where does the deep penile A travel?
o Travel within the corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum to allow for the penile tissue to engorge with blood
38
what is drained by the dorsal penile vein?
o Drains blood from the penis
39
what happens to the dorsal penile vein to maintain erection?
o Engorgement of penile muscles impinges on the vein
40
what is the function of the skeletal muscles that cover the root of the penis?
o Assists in maintenance of erection and process of ejaculation
41
what are the muscles that cover the root of the penis?
Ischiocavernosus muscle | Bulbospongiosus muscle
42
what muscle covers the crura of the penis?
Ischiocavernosus muscle
43
what is the Ischiocavernosus muscle involved in?
* Helps maintain erection and pushes blood in the shaft and holds it there * Involved in ejactulation due to pulsile type of contraction
44
what muscle covers the bulb of the penis?
Bulbospongiosus muscle
45
what is the foreskin attached to?
o Attached to the shaft of the penis via frenulum
46
what is cut during circumscion?
the frenulum to remove the foreskin
47
what is the equivalent in females to the scrotum in males?
labia majora
48
what is the erectile tissue in females?
clitoris
49
what forms the crura of the clitoris?
Formed corpora cavernos
50
what covers the crura of the clitoris?
Covered by ischiocavernosus muscles
51
how is the body of the clitoris formed?
Formed from the merging of the R/L crura
52
where is the bulb of the vestibule located?
Located between labia majora and minora
53
what is found on either side of the vestibule?
o Aggregates of erectile tissue on either side of the vestibule
54
what aggregates in the bulb of the vestibule?
blood
55
what muscle covers the corpus spongiosum in females?
bulbospongiosus muscle
56
what is the equivalent in females to the bulbourethral gland in males?
Greater vestibular glands
57
where is the Greater vestibular glands located?
superficial perineal pouch
58
what is the function of the Greater vestibular glands
Responsible for secreting mucus to lubricate the vagina via 2 small ducts
59
what branches arise from the internal pudendal V and A
rectal aa/vv | Perineal branches
60
where does the pudendal N come from
S2-S4
61
what branches arise from the pudendal N?
rectal nn | perineal branches
62
what gets innervated by the perineal branches of the pudendal N
genitals
63
what type of innervation is provided by the pudendal N?
sensory to the gentials and motor contraction to the muscles
64
what provides sympathetic innervation to the UG triangle?
o Lumbar and sacral splanchnic N
65
what provides parasympathetic innervation to the UG triangle?
o Pelvic splanchinic N S2-S4
66
what provides stimulation to the genitalia?
o Somatic sensory innervation via the pudendal N
67
what provides innervation during erection?
Parasympathetic innervation via the pelvic splanchnic N
68
what happens by the parasympatheic innervation to obtain erection?
relaxes the penile A, expands and compresses the penile veins to inhibit drainage
69
what gives innervation to maintain erection?
 Pudendal N innervates bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus muscles to hold contraction and maintain erection
70
what trick can be used to maintain erection?
S2-3-4 keeps penis off the floor
71
how is the emission phase innervated?
via Sympathetic innervation of the lumbar and sacral splanchnic nerves
72
what happens during emission phase?
 Sympathetic innervation to spermatic tubes to allow for contractions of ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, prostatic contraction, contraction of the internal urethral sphincter
73
what will prevent semen from entering the bladder?
bulbourethral gland when contracted
74
what gland in females is controled during the emission phase via sympathetic innervation of the lumbar and sacral splanchnic nerves?
the greater vestibular gland
75
what allows for ejaculation to occur?
motor impluses of rythmic contraction of the bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus muscle allowing to push semen through the penis
76
what gives sympathetic innervation to the uterus.vagina.clitoris?
o Lumbar and sacral splanchnic nerves through the inferior hypogastric plexus
77
what does the sympathetic innervation stimulate in females?
uterine contractions during labour
78
what provides parasympathetic innervation in females?
o Pelvic splanchnic nerves via inferior hypogastric plexus
79
what does the parasympathetic innervation stimulate in females?
relaxation of uterine muscle and vasodilation to allow engorgement of erectile tissues

ANAT 316 (22 decks)

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