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BIO104 notes > The respitory system > Flashcards

The respitory system Flashcards

1
Q

alveoli

A

tiny air sacs ; site of gas exchange

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2
Q

Lungs

A

a collection of million alveoli and their blood vessel , elastic connective tissue

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3
Q

conduct zone

A

pathway air travel
air fill warn
include from nose & nasal cavity to bronchioles

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4
Q

function of respiratory system

A

speech and sound production
Sense of smell

assist with defecation urination and children birth by increasing pressure thoracic cavity

assist with flow of Venus, blood and lymph
maintaining acid base balance
produce angiotensin 2

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5
Q

Pulmonary ventilation do what

A

Movement of air in and out of lung

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6
Q

Pulmonary gas exchange

A

movement of gases between lung and blood

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7
Q

Gas transport

A

Movement of gases through blood

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8
Q

Tissue gas exchange

A

Movement of gases between blood and tissue

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9
Q

The nose and the nasal cavity do what function

A

They warm and humidity air

Filter debris from inhale and secrete antibacterial substances

Olfactory receptor

Resonate a voice

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10
Q

what is the first entry of the nose
& what layer is it

A

the vestibules -contain brittle like hairs which increase surface area

stratified squamous epi

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11
Q

Paranasal sinus

A

is 4 of them frontal ethmoid sphenoid maxillary.

That’s what will warm and humidity the air & also changes ur voices & reduce ur skull weight

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12
Q

most nasal cavity line w

A

MUCOSA &. PSCCE w goblet cell

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13
Q

type of alveoli

A

type one of alveolar cell simple squamous (gas exchange ) via diffusion

type 2 alveolar - turn to cuboidal cell to produce surfactant

3 -
alveolar marcroohages

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14
Q

what are lined with stratified squamous epi in throat

A

oralphraynx
larynxphranyx

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15
Q

what line larynx

A

top of vocal cord stratified squamous
bottom vocal cord pscce

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16
Q

the trachea line with

A

PSCCE & goblet cells

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17
Q

when it gets to respitory bronchioles what happens

A

as airways divide and get smaller

epithelium goes from PSCCE to Cuboidal cell with cillia

smc increase

hyaline cartilage decrease

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18
Q

right & left lungs separated by

A

mediatinum

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19
Q

base & apex

A

inferior - bass
superior -apex

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20
Q

pleural cavity have what type of fluid to it have ?? what fluid

A

secrete serous fluid to lubricants surface of lungs as they contract

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21
Q

boyles law is a

A

inversely related

vice versa

gradient from high to low

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22
Q

first process of respiration

A

pulmonary ventilation

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23
Q

what aid the inspiration contraction

A

pectoralis minor , sternomastoid scalene muscle

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24
Q

what muscle help maximum expiration of lungs

A

internal ,intercostal & abdominal muscles

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25
HEIMLIM MANEUVERING
abdominal thrust/strong that push on diaphragm example chocking
26
non respitory ventilation are
crying yawns sneeze laughing hiccups
27
atmosphere pressure
760 mm hg
28
during inspiration intrapulmonary pressure during expiration it
decrease bellow atmosphere increase above atmosphere pressure
29
what impact gas exchange
pressure that gas exerts (like partial pressure ) surfaces respitory membrane thickness respitory membrane ventilation perfusion
30
hypoxemia
low blood oxygen keven damaged pulmonary gas exchange
31
hypercapnia
high blood carbon dioxide damage pulmonary gas exchange
32
ventilation perfusion matching & if not matching
the air reaching alveoli must match match the amount of blood flow reaching pulmonary capillaries if not it’s mismatch
33
pulmonary gas exchange is what type of respiration
external respiration
34
tissue gas’s exchange is what type respiration
internal respiration
35
tissues PO2 & PCO2
PO2 always low pco2 always high
36
perfusion of tissue
greater blood supply result more efficiently gas exchange
37
only __ of oxygen dissolve in plasma rest transport to
1.5 & hemoglobin
38
hemoglobin release oxygen in tissue where & where does it bind in the alveoli
in systemic capillaries bind in the pulmonary capillaries
39
co2 transport in 3 ways
dissolve in plasma transport hemoglobin bicarbonate
40
how much percentage carry by hemoglobin
98.5
41
carbonic anyydrase catalyze
bicarbonate in rbc co2+h20>h2co3 >hco3 + h+ pulmonary capillaries reversed hco3-+h >h2co3>co2 h20
42
most HCO3 diffuse where & where H + bind to
in blood plasma bind to HB
43
chloride shift mean
chloride move in rbc while bicarbonate move out to balance charges
44
lower BLOOD PO2 hemoglobin affect
unloading favors as fewer o2 are available to bind to HB
45
increasing TEMP
decrease hemo strength to bind to oxygen to unload to oxygen into tissue reverse is true decreasing temp increase hold oxygen tightly
46
pco2 increase hemoglobin affect
HB bind oxygen less strongly so more oxygen is unloaded to tissue makes blood more acidic
47
main inspiration muscle
diaphragm external costal
48
expiration is what type of process
passive process
49
low po2 in alveolous & high po2 in alveolus do what
constrict dilate on high
50
low po2 in arteriole high po2 in arteriole
constrict and dilate in high
51
oxygen is__ in tissue co2 is __ in tissue
low high
52
oxygen is ___ in systemic capillary co is ___ in systemic capillary
high low
53
during loading
during that time oxygen bind to hemoglobin in pulmonary capillaries
54
4 factors that lets hemoglobin unloads in tissue faster
low po2 increase co2 increase Temp low PH
55
eupnea
normal breathing -
56
dysnea apnea definition
difficult breathing -D no breathing - a
57
control of breathing is by & what feedback for the co2
neuron in the brainsterm (in medulla & pons) with negative feedback when co2 high breathing faster low breathing slower
58
medulla control
ventilation
59
pons
help regulate the rhythm
60
RRG
group of neurons creates rhythm for breathing , found in ventral respitory column
61
what helps RRG & where they found
VRG helps w inspiratory & expiration ( found anterior lateral side of medulla ) DRG - found posterior of medulla , help mostly with inspiration
62
are specialized cell that respond to concetratioj of specific chemical
chemoreceptor
63
concentration trigger hyperventilation and hypoventilation
high pco2 or h trigger hyperventilation low pco2 or h trigger hypoventilatiom
64
larynx house
vocal cord
65
larynx composed how much cartilage
9 thyroid cartilage - adam apple /largest cricoid-inferior to thyroid epiglottis - posterior to thyroid cartilage
66
trachea cartilage
C shape
67
factor that can effect pulmonary gas exchange
hypoxemia- low oxygen in blood hypercapnia - high carbon dioxide in blood

BIO104 notes (7 decks)

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