Theme 3 - Energy

Question 1

definitions

non-renewable

Answer 1

sources that will run out or will not be replenished in our lifetimes

Question 2

definitions

fossil fuel

Answer 2

non-renewable energy sources that are formed from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago:

Question 3

definitions

clean/green energy

Answer 3

energy sources that are environmentally friendly and do not release pollutants

Question 4

definitions

self-sufficent

Answer 4

the ability of a country or region to meet its energy needs without relying on other countries or external sources

Question 5

definitions

natural gas

Answer 5

a mixture of gases which are rich in hydrocarbons

Question 6

definitions

crude oil

Answer 6

A mixture of hydrocarbons that exists in liquid form

Question 7

definitions

coal

Answer 7

black sedimentary rock with a high amount of hydrocarbons

Question 8

definitions

nuclear energy

Answer 8

energy released from the nucleus, the core of atoms, made up of protons and neutrons

Question 9

definitions

solar energy

Answer 9

energy generated by the sun

Question 10

definitions

geothermal power

Answer 10

energy source from the Earth’s core - stored in rocks, soils, and groundwater

Question 11

definitions

wind power

Answer 11

energy source that uses wind to generate electricity

Question 12

definitions

wave power

Answer 12

the energy in ocean surface waves that can be captured

Question 13

definitions

tidal power

Answer 13

power produced by the natural rise and fall of tides

Question 14

definitions

HEP

Answer 14

energy source that uses the force of moving water to generate electricity

• hydroelectric power

Question 15

definitions

climate change

Answer 15

long-term shift in average weather patterns around the world

Question 16

greenhouse gases

Answer 16

carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour

Question 17

natural gas

benefits

Answer 17

• low cost
• easily transported
• warmth for cooking & heating

Question 18

natural gas

disadvantages

Answer 18

• highly flammable
• finite
• pollutes water
• can be toxic

Question 19

crude oil

how is it used?

Answer 19

heated by a furnace and fractionally distilled - separated into components by boiling point

Question 20

crude oil

benefits

Answer 20

• easy to extract
• variety of uses
• cheap to transport

Question 21

crude oil

disadvantages

Answer 21

• relatively expensive
• produces carbon dioxide
• pollutes the air

Question 22

coal

how is it used?

Answer 22

formed over millions of years.

boiled in a boiler which causes a turbine to spin, generating energy

Question 23

coal

benefits

Answer 23

• affordable
• provides jobs
• reliable

Question 24

coal

disadvantages

Answer 24

• finite
• emits greenhouse gases
• dangerous for miners

Question 25

# nuclear energy how is it used?

Answer 25

released from the nucleus put through generators which produce electricity

Question 26

# nuclear energy benefits

Answer 26

- clean energy source - creates jobs - reliable - cost effective

Question 27

# nuclear energy disadvantages

Answer 27

- uranium -> non renewable - building nuclear plants is expensive - nuclear waste is radioactive

Question 28

# solar energy how is it used?

Answer 28

solar technologies in solar panels convert sunlight into electricity

Question 29

# solar energy benefits

Answer 29

- reduces electricity bills for people's houses - affordable

Question 30

# solar energy disadvantages

Answer 30

- only works in sunlight - weather dependent

Question 31

# geothermal power how is it used?

Answer 31

hot water is pumped through wells, creating steam, which turns a turbine and generates energy

Question 32

# geothermal power benefits

Answer 32

- not weather dependent - installations take up less land -> *not visually obtrusive*

Question 33

# geothermal power disadvantages

Answer 33

- gases released can harm the environment - geothermal plants are expensive

Question 34

# wind power how is it used?

Answer 34

capturing the kinetic energy of wind to produce electrical energy turbines spin causing generators to generate energy

Question 35

# wind power benefits

Answer 35

- clean - environmentally friendly

Question 36

# wind power disadvantages

Answer 36

- risks to birds and bats - high upfront costs - visual & noise polluting

Question 37

# wave & tidal power how is it used?

Answer 37

underwater turbines that rotate, connecting to a generator which generates energy

Question 38

# wave & tidal power benefits

Answer 38

- not expensive to maintain

Question 39

# wave & tidal power disadvantages

Answer 39

- limited installation sites - expensive to build - can impact the surrounding ecosystem

Question 40

# HEP how is it used?

Answer 40

water spins a turbine which is connected to a generator, producing energy

Question 41

# HEP benefits

Answer 41

- can reduce the risk of flooding - very affordable, low cost energy

Question 42

# HEP disadvantages

Answer 42

- can damage local ecosystems - marine life can be affected - floods can be caused - limited installation sites

Question 43

# CASE STUDY: Energy in **CHINA** Introduction

Answer 43

- country in Asia - very large land mass - uses three main types of energy: coal, oil & HEP

Question 44

# CASE STUDY: Energy in **CHINA** Coal

Answer 44

- 63.7% of China's energy use - 1,118 operational coal power plants - supplies coal to indonesia and russia - has lead to 366,000 premature deaths in 2013 alone due to air pollution

Question 45

# CASE STUDY: Energy in **CHINA** Oil

Answer 45

- 18.6% of China's energy use - 299 oil facilities, 1.23 million barrels of oil - used for 250 million cars in china - supplies oil to saudi arabia

Question 46

# CASE STUDY: Energy in **CHINA** HEP

Answer 46

- 8.5% of china's energy use - 150 dams, carrying capacity of 300 megawatts - largest hydropower producer on the planet - **three gorges dam** is the largest HEP facility in the world