Theme 3 - Tourism

Question 1

definitions

tourism

Answer 1

travel for recreation, leisire, religious, family or business purposes

Question 2

definitions

tourist

Answer 2

a person travelling

Question 3

definitions

international tourist

Answer 3

a tourist travelling across national borders

Question 4

definitions

domestic tourist

Answer 4

a tourist travelling within a country

Question 5

definitions

long-haul

Answer 5

a journey that takes over 6 hours

Question 6

definitions

short-haul

Answer 6

a journey that takes less than 6 hours

Question 7

why has tourism grown?

Answer 7

• media has promoted it
• transportation improvements mean it’s readily available to many
• new middle class NICs provide locations
• rise in incomes - more people can afford it

Question 8

global tourism patterns

factors affecting number of tourists

Answer 8

• remoteness
• ‘safety’ reputation
• natural disasters
• global events (e.g. Olympics)
• growth of NICs

Question 9

advantages/disadvantages of tourism

economic advantages to host country

Answer 9

• multiplier effect
• tax revenue
• growth in skilled jobs
• growth in tertiary sector
• diversifies economy

Question 10

definitions

FDI

Answer 10

foreign direct investment

Question 11

advantages/disadvantages of tourism

economic disadvantages to host country

Answer 11

• seasonal employment
• low-paid, low-skilled work
• glass ceiling effect
• package holidays -> economic leakage
• over dependence on tourism

Question 12

definitions

economic leakage

Answer 12

when money generated by tourism is lost to other economies

Question 13

advantages/disadvantages of tourism

social advantages to host country

Answer 13

• encouraged pride in culture
• global understanding of culture
• infrastructure improvements
• language skills

Question 14

advantages/disadvantages of tourism

social disadvantages to host country

Answer 14

• demonstration effect (copying tourists)
• increase in land cost + house prices
• encouragement of informal child labour
• encourages bright light syndrome

Question 15

advantages/disadvantages of tourism

environmental advantages to host country

Answer 15

• motivation to maintain landscape
• funding for conservation
• tourists educated about issues

Question 16

advantages/disadvantages of tourism

environmental disadvantages to host country

Answer 16

• water shortages
• carbon footprint from travel
• footfall on honeypot sites
• damage to physical environment (e.g. coral reefs)

Question 17

definitions

honeypot sites

Answer 17

places with special interest or appeal that are very popular with visitors and which tend to be overcrowded at peak times

Question 18

definitions

overtourism

Answer 18

when a destination receives too many visitors, which negatively impacts the quality of life for locals and the experience for visitors

Question 19

sustainable tourism

advantages of sustainable tourism

Answer 19

• restricted number of visitors
• education about local issues
• use of local produce
• local employment
• limits damage to wildlife
• reduces noise pollution
• reduces footpath erosion

Question 20

definitions

sustainable tourism

Answer 20

tourism that takes full account of its current and future economic, social and environmental impacts, addressing the needs of visitors, the industry, the environment and host communities

Question 21

definitions

ecotourism

Answer 21

nature-based tourism that aims to preserve the environment and improve the well-being of local people

Question 22

sustainable tourism

restrictions of sustainable tourism

Answer 22

• expensive for tourists
• caps tourist numbers
• limits ability to diversify market

Question 23

reasons for growth of tourism

Answer 23

• population increase
• education & awareness of other countries
• cheaper transport - budget airlines e.g. scoot
• changes in politics: now much safer to travel
• development of the aviation industry, travel is more efficient
• more disposable income - more people can afford to travel

Question 24

definitions

international tourism

Answer 24

tourism that crosses national borders

Question 25

# definitions domestic tourism

Answer 25

tourism that involves travelling within the same country

Question 26

# definitions mass tourism

Answer 26

a large number of organised tourists travelling to popular holiday destinations for recreation

Question 27

# definitions package holidays

Answer 27

a holiday planned entirely by a travel agent at an all inclusive price

Question 28

# CASE STUDY: Tourism in **JAMAICA** Introduction

Answer 28

- 3rd largest island in the caribbean sea - attractive tourist destination: beaches, food, vibrant culture

Question 29

# CASE STUDY: Tourism in **JAMAICA** Positive Impacts

Answer 29

- tourism brings jobs -> 175,000 direct & 354,000 indirect - new infrastructure *(hotels, airports)* - 20.6% employed from tourism industry - local farms sell produce: *sugarcane, citrus etc* - national parks developed - improvement in sewage, water & garbage collection

Question 30

# CASE STUDY: Tourism in **JAMAICA** Negative Impacts

Answer 30

- the average tourist use 10 times more resources than the average local - loss of heritage, *e.g. jamaican reggae music* - economic leakage from all inclusive holidays - coral reefs damaged from watersports, *e.g. jetskis* - hotels damage visual landscape, *e.g. Falmouth hotel*

Question 31

# CASE STUDY: Tourism in **JAMAICA** Management

Answer 31

**NATIONAL PARKS:** - $8 entry per person - conservation of coral reefs - Negril marine park has strict rules on number of people at a time -> avoids overcrowding **ECOTOURISM:** - landscaping in Montego bay aims to be more visually attractive - strict control of hotel height -> avoids blockage of views - reggae festival showcases jamaican culture - locals run small hotels -> improved quality of life